{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T16:14:26Z","timestamp":1780416866513,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]],"date-time":"2022-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008401","name":"Stiftung Professor Dr. Max Clo\u00ebtta","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008401","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is an important etiology of infratentorial superficial siderosis (iSS) of the central nervous system. However, the prevalence of iSS amongst patients with SIH is unknown and the imaging findings of iSS might represent a late stage of disease. The aim was to identify cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of iSS in patients with SIH.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Consecutive patients evaluated for SIH at our institution between May 2017 and January 2019 were included. Lumbar CSF samples were analyzed for the presence of ferritin and bilirubin. Magnetic resonance imaging was assessed for the presence of iSS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010four patients with SIH were included. CSF samples were positive for bilirubin in 2\/19 (10.5%). CSF ferritin was elevated in 7\/23 (30.4%). Signs of iSS on imaging were present in four patients (16.7%). All patients with imaging signs of iSS demonstrated elevated CSF ferritin. Ferritin level was significantly higher amongst patients demonstrating iSS compared to those without (median 45.0 vs. 11.0\u00a0\u03bcg\/l; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.003). Symptom duration was longer in patients with iSS than in patients without iSS (median 40\u2009months vs. 9\u00a0months, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.018).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cerebrospinal fluid alterations indicative of iSS are prevalent amongst patients with SIH. It is speculated that a preclinical phase without symptoms or imaging signs but during which elevated biomarkers of the disease are apparent from CSF analysis might exist. It is suggested that measurement of CSF ferritin is incorporated in the work\u2010up of patients with SIH to identify those at risk of developing iSS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15591","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,9]],"date-time":"2022-10-09T15:38:45Z","timestamp":1665329925000},"page":"235-240","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of superficial siderosis in patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7892-7138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Levin","family":"H\u00e4ni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Inselspital Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Medical Center \u2013 University of Freiburg  Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Fung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Medical Center \u2013 University of Freiburg  Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher Marvin","family":"Jesse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Inselspital Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christof","family":"Schild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eike Immo","family":"Piechowiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomas","family":"Dobrocky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Raabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Inselspital Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7687-6098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Beck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Medical Center \u2013 University of Freiburg  Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26083"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24850"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000267847.69896.be"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003665"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000012786"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-020-10319-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.6.SPINE15428"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/118.4.1051"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/practneurol-2015-001169"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10194-007-0421-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002986"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","first-page":"745","article-title":"Spontaneous intracranial hypotension: a systematic imaging approach for CSF leak localization and management based on MRI and digital subtraction myelography","volume":"40","author":"Farb RI","year":"2019","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102417738202"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/acb.2008.007257"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","unstructured":"TumaniH PetereitH\u2010F.Lumbalpunktion und Liquordiagnostik S1\u2010Leitlinie. 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