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Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on patients of any age with neurological diseases were considered. Two reviewers screened and abstracted data in duplicate and independently and assessed risk of bias using the Cochrane risk\u2010of\u2010bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2). When possible, pooled effect estimates were calculated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of a total of 3018 records initially retrieved, 25 RCTs (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a02335) were included: 11 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0804) on stroke, four (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0520) on Parkinson's disease, three (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0110) on multiple sclerosis, two (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0320) on epilepsy, one (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a063) on dementia, one (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a023) on spina bifida, one (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a040) on migraine, one (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a022) on cerebral palsy and one (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0433) on brain damage. Types of telemedicine assessed were online visits (11 studies), tele\u2010rehabilitation (seven studies), telephone calls (three), smartphone apps (two) and online computer software (two). The evidence was quite limited except for stroke. Compared to usual care alone, telemedicine plus usual care was found to improve depressive symptoms, functional status, motor function, executive function, generic quality of life, healthcare utilization and healthy lifestyle in patients in post\u2010stroke follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Well\u2010designed and executed RCTs are needed to confirm our findings on stroke and to have more scientific evidence available for the other neurological diseases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15599","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,18]],"date-time":"2022-10-18T16:06:18Z","timestamp":1666109178000},"page":"241-254","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Telemedicine for neurological diseases: A systematic review and 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Network of Agencies for Health Technology Assessment and Services of the National Health System (RedETS)  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Garc\u00eda\u2010Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quality and Patient Safety Unit, Nuestra Se\u00f1ora de Candelaria University Hospital  Tenerife Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Garc\u00eda\u2010Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Teaching Unit of Family and Community Medicine \u2018La Laguna\u2010Tenerife Norte\u2019, Primary Care Management of Tenerife Canary Islands Health Service (SCS)  Tenerife Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Montserrat","family":"Carmona\u2010Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Network on Health Services in Chronic Diseases (REDISSEC)  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Network for 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