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Long\u2010term characterization of cases is warranted to facilitate patient care and inform vaccine\u2010hesitant individuals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this single\u2010center prospective case study with a median follow\u2010up of 387\u2009days long\u2010term clinical, laboratory and imaging characteristics of patients with neurological autoimmunity diagnosed in temporal association (\u22646\u2009weeks) with SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 vaccinations are reported.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Follow\u2010up data were available for 20 cases (central nervous system demyelinating diseases <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a08, inflammatory peripheral neuropathies <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a04, vaccine\u2010induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a03, myositis <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a02, myasthenia <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01, limbic encephalitis <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01, giant cell arteritis <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01). Following therapy, the overall disability level improved (median modified Rankin Scale at diagnosis 3 vs. 1 at follow\u2010up). The condition of two patients worsened despite immunosuppressants possibly related to their autoimmune diagnoses (limbic encephalitis <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01, giant cell arteritis <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01). At 12 months\u2019 follow\u2010up, 12 patients achieved complete clinical remissions with partial responses in five and stable disease in one case. Correspondingly, autoimmune antibodies were non\u2010detectable or titers had significantly lowered in all, and repeat imaging revealed radiological responses in most cases. Under vigilant monitoring 15 patients from our cohort underwent additional SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 vaccinations (BNT162b2 <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a012, mRNA\u20101273 <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a03). Most patients (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a011) received different vaccines than prior to diagnosis of neurological autoimmunity. Except for one short\u2010lasting relapse, which responded well to steroids, re\u2010vaccinations were well tolerated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study long\u2010term characteristics of neurological autoimmunity encountered after SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 vaccinations are defined. Outcome was favorable in most cases. Re\u2010vaccinations were well tolerated and should be considered on an individual risk\/benefit analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15602","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]],"date-time":"2022-10-19T06:18:51Z","timestamp":1666160331000},"page":"463-473","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Neurological autoimmune diseases following vaccinations against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (<scp>SARS\u2010CoV<\/scp>\u20102): A follow\u2010up study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4470-8396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia","family":"Doubrovinskaia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg University  Heidelberg 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