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Neurovascular coupling adapts regional cerebral blood flow to neuronal activity and metabolic demands.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, we examined effects of anodal DCS on vessel morphology, blood flow parameters, permeability of cortical microvasculature, and perivascular microglia motility by time\u2010lapse two\u2010photon microscopy in anaesthetized mice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Low\u2010intensity DCS significantly increased vessel diameter and blood flow parameters. These effects were transient and dependent on the spontaneous vasomotion characteristics of the individual vessel. Vessel leakage increased significantly after DCS at 1.1 and was more pronounced at 2.2\u00a0A\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, indicating a dose\u2010dependent increase in vascular permeability. Perivascular microglia exhibited increased soma motility post\u2010DCS at both intensities, potentially triggered by the extravasation of intravascular substrates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings demonstrate that DCS affected only vessels with spontaneous vasomotion. This rapid vascular response may occur as an adaptation of regional blood supply to neuronal excitability altered by DCS or as a direct effect on the vessel wall. In contrast to these immediate effects during stimulation, increases in cortical vessel permeability and perivascular microglia motility appeared after the stimulation had ended.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15616","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,28]],"date-time":"2022-10-28T08:27:03Z","timestamp":1666945623000},"page":"362-371","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Direct current stimulation increases blood flow and permeability of cortical microvasculature in vivo"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6920-1933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne\u2010Kathrin","family":"Gellner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital Bonn  Bonn Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Medical Center\u2013University of Freiburg Faculty of 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