{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T07:35:24Z","timestamp":1781595324626,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,20]],"date-time":"2023-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Non\u2010(acute disseminated encephalomyelitis) (non\u2010ADEM) encephalitis and\/or fluid attenuated inversion recovery hyperintense lesions in anti\u2010myelin\u2010oligodendrocyte\u2010glycoprotein\u2010associated encephalitis with seizures (FLAMES) are rarely described in patients with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies (Abs). The aim was (i) to describe the clinical features and disease course of children and adults with non\u2010ADEM encephalitis and\/or FLAMES associated with MOG Abs and (ii) to describe their association with other central nervous system autoantibodies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a systematic review following the PRISMA guidelines. Patients fulfilled criteria for non\u2010ADEM encephalitis and\/or FLAMES, and all were MOG Ab positive.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 83 (79%) patients with non\u2010ADEM encephalitis (48 also had FLAMES) and 22 (21%) with isolated FLAMES were included. At the first episode, children (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a045) had more infections (11\/45, 24.4%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.017) and more of the phenotype consisting of non\u2010ADEM encephalitis (42\/45, 93.3%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.014) than adults (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a038). Children had more episodes consistent with working memory deficits (25\/54, 46.3%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.014) but fewer psychiatric symptoms (16\/54, 29.6%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.002). Twenty\u2010eight (40.6%) of 69 patients had <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010methyl\u2010<jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\u2010aspartate receptor (NMDAR) Abs in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), being more frequent in adults (19\/29, 65.5%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Compared to negatives, positive CSF NMDAR Abs had more relapses (14\/20, 70%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.050), required ventilatory support more frequently (8\/34, 23.5%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.009) and had more psychiatric episodes (28\/34, 82%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) or abnormal movements (14\/34, 41.2%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.008). Apart from an older age in FLAMES, positive and negative CSF NMDAR Ab groups shared similar features.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Non\u2010ADEM encephalitis patients with MOG Abs show specific clinical and radiological features, depending on the age at first episode. The presence of MOG Abs in non\u2010ADEM encephalitis patients should not rule out to test other autoantibodies, especially concomitant NMDAR Abs in patients with suggestive symptoms such as behavioural or movement alterations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15684","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,27]],"date-time":"2023-01-27T07:45:02Z","timestamp":1674805502000},"page":"1515-1527","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["<scp>Non\u2010ADEM<\/scp> encephalitis in patients with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1066-2900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrique","family":"Vega","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre d'Esclerosi M\u00faltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Department of Neurology\/Neuroimmunology, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca 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