{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T18:58:55Z","timestamp":1793905135050,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]],"date-time":"2023-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Core clinical manifestations of COVID\u201019 include influenza\u2010like and respiratory symptoms. However, it is now evident that neurological involvement may occur during SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection, covering an extensive spectrum of phenotypical manifestations. A major challenge arising from this pandemic is represented by detecting emerging neurological complications following recovery from SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection. To date, a few post\u2010COVID\u201019\u2010infected subjects diagnosed with Parkinson disease (PD) have been described, raising the possibility of a connection between the infection and neurodegenerative processes. Here, we describe a case series of six subjects who developed PD after COVID\u201019.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients were observed at Scientific Institute for Research and Health Care Mondino Foundation Hospital, Pavia (Italy), and San Paolo University Hospital of Milan (Italy) between March 2021 and June 2022. In all subjects, SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection was confirmed by means of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction from a nasopharyngeal swab. Subjects underwent an accurate neurological evaluation, and neuroimaging studies were performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We describe six subjects who developed PD with an average time window after SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection of 4\u20137\u2009weeks. Apparently, no relationship with COVID\u201019 severity emerged, and no overt structural brain abnormalities were found. All subjects experienced unilateral resting tremor at onset and showed a satisfactory response to dopaminergic treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Immune responses to SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection have been shown to shape the individual susceptibility to develop long\u2010term consequences. We hypothesize that, in these subjects, COVID\u201019 has unmasked a latent neurodegenerative process. Characterization of the neuroinflammatory signatures in larger cohorts is warranted, which might provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of PD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15732","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,18]],"date-time":"2023-02-18T18:47:30Z","timestamp":1676746050000},"page":"1272-1280","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Parkinson disease following <scp>COVID<\/scp>\u201019: Report of six cases"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Calculli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences University of Pavia  Pavia Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS Mondino Foundation  Pavia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tommaso","family":"Bocci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, \"Aldo Ravelli\" Center for 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