{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T23:49:53Z","timestamp":1778284193857,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]],"date-time":"2023-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008358","name":"Hersenstichting","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008358","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019) affects the brain, leading to long\u2010term complaints. Studies combining brain abnormalities with objective and subjective consequences are lacking. Long\u2010term structural brain abnormalities, neurological and (neuro)psychological consequences in COVID\u201019 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) or general ward were investigated. The aim was to create a multidisciplinary view on the impact of severe COVID\u201019 on functioning and to compare long\u2010term consequences between ICU and general ward patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This multicentre prospective cohort study assessed brain abnormalities (3 T magnetic resonance imaging), cognitive dysfunction (neuropsychological test battery), neurological symptoms, cognitive complaints, emotional distress and wellbeing (self\u2010report questionnaires) in ICU and general ward (non\u2010ICU) survivors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In al, 101 ICU and 104 non\u2010ICU patients participated 8\u201310\u2009months post\u2010hospital discharge. Significantly more ICU patients exhibited cerebral microbleeds (61% vs. 32%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and had higher numbers of microbleeds (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). No group differences were found in cognitive dysfunction, neurological symptoms, cognitive complaints, emotional distress or wellbeing. The number of microbleeds did not predict cognitive dysfunction. In the complete sample, cognitive screening suggested cognitive dysfunction in 41%, and standard neuropsychological testing showed cognitive dysfunction in 12%; 62% reported \u22653 cognitive complaints. Clinically relevant scores of depression, anxiety and post\u2010traumatic stress were found in 15%, 19% and 12%, respectively; 28% experienced insomnia and 51% severe fatigue.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Coronavirus disease 2019 ICU survivors had a higher prevalence for microbleeds but not for cognitive dysfunction compared to general ward survivors. Self\u2010reported symptoms exceeded cognitive dysfunction. Cognitive complaints, neurological symptoms and severe fatigue were frequently reported in both groups, fitting the post\u2010COVID\u201019 syndrome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15812","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]],"date-time":"2023-04-03T12:38:24Z","timestamp":1680525504000},"page":"1880-1890","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Neurological and (neuro)psychological sequelae in intensive care and general ward <scp>COVID<\/scp>\u201019 survivors"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7008-0323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simona","family":"Klinkhammer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience Maastricht University  Maastricht The Netherlands"},{"name":"Limburg Brain Injury Center Maastricht University  Maastricht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janneke","family":"Horn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Center University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Center University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annelien A.","family":"Duits","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience Maastricht University  Maastricht The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Medical Psychology Maastricht University Medical Center  Maastricht The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Medical Psychology Radboud University Medical Center  Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johanna M. A.","family":"Visser\u2010Meily","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Physical Therapy Science and Sports University Medical Center Utrecht  Utrecht The Netherlands"},{"name":"UMC Utrecht Brain Center University Medical Center Utrecht  Utrecht The Netherlands"},{"name":"Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Esm\u00e9e","family":"Verwijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Center University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Medical Psychology Amsterdam University Medical Center  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Brain and Cognition University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arjen J. 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