{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T01:34:22Z","timestamp":1791855262298,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,30]],"date-time":"2023-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685404800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In these guidelines, we aimed to develop evidence\u2010based recommendations for the use of screening questionnaires and diagnostic tests in patients with neuropathic pain (NeP).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We systematically reviewed studies providing information on the sensitivity and specificity of screening questionnaires, and quantitative sensory testing, neurophysiology, skin biopsy, and corneal confocal microscopy. We also analysed how functional neuroimaging, peripheral nerve blocks, and genetic testing might provide useful information in diagnosing NeP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the screening questionnaires, Douleur Neuropathique en 4 Questions (DN4), I\u2010DN4 (self\u2010administered DN4), and Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (LANSS) received a strong recommendation, and S\u2010LANSS (self\u2010administered LANSS) and PainDETECT weak recommendations for their use in the diagnostic pathway for patients with possible NeP. We devised a strong recommendation for the use of skin biopsy and a weak recommendation for quantitative sensory testing and nociceptive evoked potentials in the NeP diagnosis. Trigeminal reflex testing received a strong recommendation in diagnosing secondary trigeminal neuralgia. Although many studies support the usefulness of corneal confocal microscopy in diagnosing peripheral neuropathy, no study specifically investigated the diagnostic accuracy of this technique in patients with NeP. Functional neuroimaging and peripheral nerve blocks are helpful in disclosing pathophysiology and\/or predicting outcomes, but current literature does not support their use for diagnosing NeP. Genetic testing may be considered at specialist centres, in selected cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These recommendations provide evidence\u2010based clinical practice guidelines for NeP diagnosis. Due to the poor\u2010to\u2010moderate quality of evidence identified by this review, future large\u2010scale, well\u2010designed, multicentre studies assessing the accuracy of diagnostic tests for NeP are needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15831","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]],"date-time":"2023-05-31T00:57:32Z","timestamp":1685494652000},"page":"2177-2196","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":111,"title":["Joint European Academy of Neurology\u2013European Pain Federation\u2013Neuropathic Pain Special Interest Group of the International Association for the Study of Pain guidelines on neuropathic pain assessment"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2630-7647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Truini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Neuroscience University Sapienza  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2372-4453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katina","family":"Aleksovska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Academy of Neurology  Vienna Austria"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Ss. 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