{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T12:18:59Z","timestamp":1777637939407,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,26]],"date-time":"2023-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685059200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) associated with aquaporin\u20104 autoantibodies (AQP4\u2010IgG) can cause severe disability. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are critical to prevent relapses. A novel score is described based on clinical and neuroimaging characteristics that predicts AQP4\u2010IgG positivity in patients with LETM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients were enrolled both retrospectively and prospectively from multiple Italian centers. Clinical and neuroimaging characteristics of AQP4\u2010IgG positive and negative patients were compared through univariate and multivariate analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixty\u2010six patients were included. Twenty\u2010seven (41%) were AQP4\u2010IgG positive and median age at onset was 45.5\u2009years (range 19\u201381, interquartile range 24). Female sex (odds ratio [OR] 17.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.6\u2013381.9; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.014), tonic spasms (OR 45.6, 95% CI 3.1\u20132197; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.017) and lesion hypointensity on T1\u2010weighted images (OR 52.9, 95% CI 6.8\u20131375; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002) were independently associated with AQP4\u2010IgG positivity. The AQP4\u2010IgG positivity in myelitis (AIM) score predicted AQP4\u2010IgG positivity with 85% sensitivity and 95% specificity. Positive and negative likelihood ratios were 16.6 and 0.2 respectively. The inter\u2010rater and intra\u2010rater agreement in the score application were both excellent.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The AIM score predicts AQP4\u2010IgG positivity with good sensitivity and specificity in patients with a first episode of LETM. The score may assist clinicians in early diagnosis and treatment of AQP4\u2010IgG positive LETM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15863","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]],"date-time":"2023-05-12T09:00:43Z","timestamp":1683882043000},"page":"2534-2538","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A score that predicts <scp>aquaporin\u20104 IgG<\/scp> positivity in patients with longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3415-6428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucia","family":"Campetella","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Department Catholic University of the Sacred Heart  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Papi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Department Catholic University of the Sacred Heart  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gregorio","family":"Spagni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Department Catholic University of the Sacred Heart  Rome Italy"},{"name":"Neurology Unit Fondazione Policlinico Universitario \u201cA. Gemelli\u201d IRCCS  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Sabatelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Department Catholic University of the Sacred Heart  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7806-3103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Mariotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences University of Verona  Verona Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2288-2000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Gastaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimmunology Laboratory IRCCS Mondino Foundation  Pavia Italy"},{"name":"Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences University of Pavia  Pavia Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gianvito","family":"Masi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Department Catholic University of the Sacred Heart  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Carta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences University of Verona  Verona Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lara","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences University of Pavia  Pavia Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit Mater Salutis Hospital  Legnago Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giorgia Teresa","family":"Maniscalco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurological Clinic and Multiple Sclerosis Center A. 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