{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T04:26:25Z","timestamp":1792038385231,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,4]],"date-time":"2023-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688428800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) is used for symptomatic treatment of menopause. Some evidence suggests a proconvulsant effect of estrogen and an anticonvulsant role of progesterone. Thus, the use of exogenous sex steroid hormones might influence the course of epilepsy in peri\u2010 and postmenopausal women with epilepsy (WWE). We conducted a systematic review on the impact of HRT on the frequency of seizures of WWE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PubMed and Scopus were searched for articles published from inception until August 2022. Abstracts from the past 5\u2009years from the European Academy of Neurology and European Epilepsy Congresses were also reviewed. Article reference lists were screened, and relevant articles were retrieved for consultation. Interventional and observational studies on WWE and animal models of estrogen deficiency were included. Critical appraisal was performed using the revised Cochrane risk\u2010of\u2010bias tool for randomized trials and ROBINS\u2010E tool.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 497 articles screened, 13 studies were included, including three human studies. One cross\u2010sectional study showed a decrease in seizure frequency in WWE using combined HRT, a case\u2013control study showed an increase in comparison with controls, and a randomized clinical trial found a dose\u2010dependent increase in seizure frequency in women with focal epilepsy taking combined HRT. Ten studies addressing the impact of HRT in rat models were also included, which showed conflicting results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is scarce evidence of the impact of HRT in WWE. Further studies should evaluate the harmful potential, and prospective registries are needed for monitoring this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15916","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,16]],"date-time":"2023-06-16T05:45:39Z","timestamp":1686894339000},"page":"2884-2898","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Sex steroid hormones and epilepsy: Effects of hormonal replacement therapy on seizure frequency of postmenopausal women with epilepsy\u2014A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5385-0901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health Hospital de Santa Maria  Lisbon Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Medicina Molecular Professor Jo\u00e3o Lobo Antunes  Lisbon Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Estudos Egas Moniz Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa  Lisbon Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabella","family":"Colonna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Complex Operative Unit of Neurology \"F. Ferrari\" Hospital  Casarano Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Curia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences University of Modena and Reggio Emilia  Modena Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Teresa","family":"Ferretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women's Brain Project  Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gennarina","family":"Arabia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neurology University Magna Graecia  Catanzaro Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Judit","family":"Molnar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders Semmelweis University  Budapest 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