{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T11:34:07Z","timestamp":1771846447856,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,16]],"date-time":"2023-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689465600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) is a major contributor to epilepsy; however, patients with epilepsy also have a significantly increased risk of stroke. The way in which epilepsy contributes to the increased risk of stroke is still uncertain and is ill\u2010characterized in neuropathological studies. A neuropathological characterization of cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) in patients with chronic epilepsy was performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010three patients with refractory epilepsy and hippocampal sclerosis (HS) submitted to epilepsy surgery from a reference center were selected between 2010 and 2020 and compared with 19 autopsy controls. Five randomly selected arterioles from each patient were analyzed using a previously validated scale for cSVD. The presence of CVD disease imaging markers in pre\u2010surgical brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was studied.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were no differences in age (43.8 vs. 41.6\u2009years; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.547) or gender distribution (female gender 60.6% vs. male gender 52.6%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.575) between groups. Most CVD findings in brain MRI were mild. Patients had a mean time between the epilepsy onset and surgery of 26\u2009\u00b1\u200914.7\u2009years and were medicated with a median number of three antiseizure medication (ASMs) [IQR 2\u20133]. Patients had higher median scores in arteriolosclerosis (3 vs. 1; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001), microhemorrhages (4 vs. 1; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) and total score value (12 vs. 8.9; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.031) in comparison with controls. No correlation was found between age, number of years until surgery, number of ASMs or cumulative defined daily dosage of ASM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study provides evidence supporting the increased burden of cSVD in the neuropathological samples of patients with chronic epilepsy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15963","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,4]],"date-time":"2023-07-04T17:35:28Z","timestamp":1688492128000},"page":"2999-3007","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Histopathological characterization of cerebral small vessel disease in epilepsy patients with temporal lobe epilepsy submitted to surgery: A case\u2013control study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0515-9187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Coelho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Neurologia, Departamento de Neuroci\u00eancias e Sa\u00fade Mental Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio Lisboa Norte (CHULN)  Lisboa Portugal"},{"name":"Department of (Neuro)pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Center University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Centro de Estudos Egas Moniz, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Lisboa  Lisboa Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Madureira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Imagiologia Neurol\u00f3gica Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio Lisboa Norte (CHULN)  Lisboa Portugal"},{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa  Lisboa Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4371-9272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Neurologia, Departamento de Neuroci\u00eancias e Sa\u00fade Mental Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio Lisboa Norte (CHULN)  Lisboa Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Estudos Egas Moniz, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Lisboa  Lisboa Portugal"},{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa  Lisboa Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio EEG\/Sono, Departamento de Neuroci\u00eancias e Sa\u00fade Mental (Neurologia) Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio Lisboa Norte (CHULN)  Lisboa Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Refer\u00eancia para a \u00c1rea de Epilepsias Refrat\u00e1rias Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio Lisboa Norte (CHULN)  Lisboa Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9449-431X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Rita","family":"Peralta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Neurologia, Departamento de Neuroci\u00eancias e Sa\u00fade Mental Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio Lisboa Norte (CHULN)  Lisboa Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Estudos Egas Moniz, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Lisboa  Lisboa Portugal"},{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa  Lisboa Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio EEG\/Sono, Departamento de Neuroci\u00eancias e Sa\u00fade Mental (Neurologia) Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio Lisboa Norte (CHULN)  Lisboa Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Refer\u00eancia para a \u00c1rea de Epilepsias Refrat\u00e1rias Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio Lisboa Norte (CHULN)  Lisboa 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