{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T01:00:46Z","timestamp":1793235646734,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,16]],"date-time":"2023-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692144000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82171341"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82171341"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prodromal infections are associated with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), but it remains unclear which type of infection has a causal association with NMOSD. We aimed to explore the causal associations between four herpesvirus infections (chickenpox, cold sores, mononucleosis and shingles) and NMOSD, as well as between other types of infections and NMOSD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>For data on infections, we used the genome\u2010wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics from the 23andMe cohort. For outcomes, we used the GWAS data of participants of European ancestry, including 215 NMOSD patients (132 anti\u2010aquaporin\u20104 antibody [AQP4\u2010ab]\u2010positive patients and 83 AQP4\u2010ab\u2010negative patients) and 1244 normal controls. Single\u2010nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) identification and two\u2010sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were then performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the 23andMe cohort, we identified one SNP for chickenpox (rs9266089 in <jats:italic>HLA\u2010B<\/jats:italic> gene), one SNP for cold scores (rs885950 in the <jats:italic>POU5F1<\/jats:italic> gene), one SNP for mononucleosis (rs2596465 in the <jats:italic>HCP5<\/jats:italic> gene), and three SNPs for shingles (rs2523591 in the <jats:italic>HLA\u2010B<\/jats:italic> gene; rs7047299 in the <jats:italic>IFNA21<\/jats:italic> gene; rs9260809 in the <jats:italic>MICD<\/jats:italic> gene). The association between cold sores and AQP4\u2010ab\u2010positive NMOSD reached statistical significance (odds ratio [OR] 745.318; 95% confidence interval [CI] 22.176, 25,049.53 [<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001, <jats:italic>Q<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001]). The association between shingles and AQP4\u2010ab\u2010positive NMOSD was also statistically significant (OR 21.073; 95% CI 4.271, 103.974 [<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001, <jats:italic>Q<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001]). No significant association was observed between other infections and AQP4\u2010ab\u2010positive or AQP4\u2010ab\u2010negative NMOSD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings suggest there are positive associations between cold sores and shingles and AQP4\u2010ab\u2010positive NMOSD, indicating there may be causal links between herpes simplex virus and varicella\u2010zoster virus infection and AQP4\u2010ab\u2010positive NMOSD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.16014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]],"date-time":"2023-08-04T19:57:50Z","timestamp":1691179070000},"page":"3819-3827","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Causal associations between prodromal infection and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: A Mendelian randomization study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Liang","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Rare Disease Center, Huashan Hospital Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University  Shanghai China"},{"name":"National Center for Neurological Disorders  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Rare Disease Center, Huashan Hospital Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University  Shanghai China"},{"name":"National Center for Neurological Disorders  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingzi","family":"ZhangBao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Rare Disease Center, Huashan Hospital Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University  Shanghai China"},{"name":"National Center for Neurological Disorders  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8056-373X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenjuan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Rare Disease Center, Huashan Hospital Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University  Shanghai China"},{"name":"National Center for Neurological Disorders  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongmei","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Rare Disease Center, Huashan Hospital Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University  Shanghai China"},{"name":"National Center for Neurological Disorders  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxin","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Rare Disease Center, Huashan Hospital Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University  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