{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T09:59:54Z","timestamp":1784195994677,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694390400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Female gender, younger age and stressful life events are known predisposing factors for functional neurological disorders (FNDs). Employment in a healthcare profession has also been suggested to be a predisposing factor. We set out to conduct a large\u2010scale case\u2013control study to estimate the rate employment in a healthcare profession among people with FND.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We included 200 consecutive patients with a confirmed diagnosis of FND, referred to our clinic at University Hospital Bern Switzerland between October 1, 2016, and August 1, 2019. In addition, we included a control group of 200 patients with a confirmed neurological disorder, matched for age and gender, seen during the same period. The primary endpoint was to compare the prevalence of healthcare professionals between the groups. We also describe the clinical manifestations and concomitant psychiatric diagnoses in the FND cohort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Female gender was predominant (70%), and the participants\u2019 mean age was 37\u2009years. The proportion of healthcare professionals in the FND patients was 18% (33\/186), which was significantly higher than in the control group, in which it was 10.6% (17\/189; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.019, 95% confidence interval odds ratio\u20091.168\u20134.074). Most healthcare professionals in both cohorts were nurses (21\/33 among FND patients, 10\/17 among controls). Among FND patients, 140 (70%) had motor symptoms and 65 (32.5%) had a concomitant psychiatric diagnosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This case\u2013control study confirmed a higher rate of employment in healthcare professions in patients with FND, suggesting two potential mechanisms of FND: exposure to models\/specific knowledge about neurological symptoms or stress\u2010related professional factors. This warrants further studies on underlying mechanisms and prevention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.16056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]],"date-time":"2023-09-12T06:23:42Z","timestamp":1694499822000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Healthcare employment as a risk factor for functional neurological disorder: A case\u2013control study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Vanini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Psychosomatic Medicine Unit, Inselspital Bern University Hospital University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0318-8371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janine","family":"B\u00fchler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Psychosomatic Medicine Unit, Inselspital Bern University Hospital University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"},{"name":"Graduate School for Health Sciences (GHS) University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Psychosomatic Medicine Unit, Inselspital Bern University Hospital University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Steinauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Psychosomatic Medicine Unit, Inselspital Bern University Hospital University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Selma","family":"Aybek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Psychosomatic Medicine Unit, Inselspital Bern University Hospital University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"},{"name":"Neurology, Faculty of Science and Medicine University of Fribourg  Fribourg Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2018.1264"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2015.11.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.68.2.207"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0317167100003292"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2010.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.16003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2010.220640"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-801772-2.00005-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2014.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14200"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-019-09356-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2023.110756"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2019-322636"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2017-316469"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2008.04.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2014.09.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.176.3.273"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25463"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.04.082"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20921"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2013-305716"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws129"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00422-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.13267"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab316"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291719000266"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.12351"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","unstructured":"R Core Team.R: a language and environment for statistical computing.2021. 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