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We wanted to determine whether ICD patients have higher dopamine agonist serum concentrations than those without any sign of ICD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients who used either pramipexole or ropinirole depot once daily were screened for ICDs using the validated Questionnaire for Impulsive\u2010Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson's Disease\u2013Rating Scale. Those who scored above the cut\u2010off for one or more of the four defined ICDs (gambling, compulsive sexual behavior, compulsive shopping, and binge\u2010eating) were compared in a case\u2013control study to patients who scored zero points (no evidence of ICD) on the same items. They were examined clinically and evaluated using relevant scales. Three blood samples were taken on the same day: before daily dose, and then 6 and 12\u2009h later.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010six patients were included: 19 ICD\u2010positive and 27 controls. Ropinirole serum concentrations 6\u2009h after daily intake (<jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>) were higher in the case group compared to the control group, as was the daily ropinirole dosage. No differences were observed in serum concentrations, dosage or total drug exposure for pramipexole. Disease duration and length of dopamine agonist treatment was significantly longer among ICD patients for ropinirole, but not for pramipexole.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The use of pramipexole may in itself confer high ICD risk, whereas ICDs among ropinirole users depend more on serum concentration and drug exposure. The pharmacokinetic properties of ropinirole make it challenging to predict its effects on patients, which supports the need for therapeutic drug monitoring to reduce risk of ICD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.16144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]],"date-time":"2023-11-13T14:43:07Z","timestamp":1699886587000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Dopamine agonist serum concentrations and impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Sara C.","family":"Staubo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Oslo University Hospital  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Akershus University Hospital  Nordbyhagen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ole Martin","family":"Fuskev\u00e5g","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Biology UiT The Arctic University of Norway  Troms\u00f8 Norway"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Diagnostic Services University Hospital of Northern Norway  Troms\u00f8 Norway"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine UiT The Arctic University of Norway  Troms\u00f8 Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathias","family":"Toft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Oslo University Hospital  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingeborg H.","family":"Lie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Oslo University Hospital  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirsti M. 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