{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T19:41:40Z","timestamp":1780602100170,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]],"date-time":"2023-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702339200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Immune effector cell\u2010associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) is an important complication of chimeric antigen receptor T\u2010cell (CAR\u2010T) therapy. This study aims to identify the patterns of neurotoxicity among patients with ICANS at a tertiary referral centre in Australia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title><jats:p>This single\u2010centre, prospective cohort study included all consecutively recruited patients who underwent CAR\u2010T therapy for eligible haematological malignancies. All patients underwent a comprehensive neurological assessment and cognitive screening before CAR\u2010T infusion, during the development of ICANS, and 1\u2009month after treatment. Baseline demographic characteristics, incidence, and neurological patterns of neurotoxicity management were evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Over a 19\u2010month period, 23% (12) of the 53 eligible patients developed neurotoxicity (10\/12 [83%] being grade 1). All patients showed changes in handwriting and tremor as their initial presentation. Changes in cognition were manifested in most of the patients, with a more substantial drop noted in their Montreal Cognitive Assessment compared to immune effector cell\u2010associated encephalopathy scores. All manifestations of neurotoxicity were short\u2010lived and resolved within a 1\u2010month period, with a mean duration of 8.2\u2009days (range\u2009=\u20091\u201333).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The patterns of CAR\u2010T\u2010related neurotoxicity often include change in handwriting, tremor, and mild confusional state, especially early in their evolution. These may remain undetected by routine neurological surveillance. These features represent accessible clinical markers of incipient ICANS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.16174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,13]],"date-time":"2023-12-13T01:28:56Z","timestamp":1702430936000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Patterns of neurotoxicity among patients receiving chimeric antigen receptor T\u2010cell therapy: A single\u2010centre cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9895-5216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmela","family":"Sales","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimmunology Centre, Department of Neurology Royal Melbourne Hospital  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Haematology Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital  Melbourne Victoria 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