{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T10:00:06Z","timestamp":1769508006628,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,2]],"date-time":"2024-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706832000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to analyze cold stimulation\u2010induced changes in cerebral and cardiac hemodynamics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Upon ingestion of an ice cube, the changes in resistance index, mean flow velocity and flow index of the middle cerebral arteries (MCA) were assessed using transcranial Doppler sonography. Extracranial duplex sonography was used to measure the mean flow velocity and resistance index of the right internal carotid artery (ICA). The change in mean arterial pressure, heart rate, root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) and end\u2010tidal carbon dioxide pressure were analyzed additionally. These changes were compared to sham stimulation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared with sham stimulation, cooling of the oral cavity resulted in significant changes in cerebral and cardiac hemodynamics. The cold stimulation decreased the resistance index in the MCA (\u22124.5%\u2009\u00b1\u20095.4%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) and right ICA (\u22126.3%\u2009\u00b1\u200915.6%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001). This was accompanied by an increase in mean flow velocity (4.1%\u2009\u00b1\u20098.0%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) and flow index (10.1%\u2009\u00b1\u200943.6%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.008) in the MCA. The cardiac effects caused an increase in mean arterial pressure (1.8%\u2009\u00b1\u200911.2%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.017) and RMSSD (55%\u2009\u00b1\u2009112%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.048), while simultaneously decreasing the heart rate (\u22124.3%\u2009\u00b1\u20099.6%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cooling of the oral cavity resulted in substantial changes in cerebral and cardiac hemodynamics resulting in a blood flow diversion to the brain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.16227","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,3]],"date-time":"2024-02-03T06:49:18Z","timestamp":1706942958000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Cold stimulation of the oral cavity redistributes blood towards the brain in healthy volunteers"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2614-4294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ole","family":"Hensel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Martin Luther University Halle\u2010Wittenberg  Halle Germany"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Martin Luther University Halle\u2010Wittenberg  Halle Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1968.25.5.542"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0361-9230(03)00065-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410070209"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00164.2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00863.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102416650704"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00677"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.18.4.771"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-5629(97)00030-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199805000-00077"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-199904000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000446397"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X17701948"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2004.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.90370.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41393-018-0224-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004210050177"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2010.04.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2005.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01057.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.10.016"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","first-page":"193","article-title":"Oxygen\u2010conserving effect of the diving response in the immersed human","volume":"39","author":"Bruijn R","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diving Hyperb Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","first-page":"(5):110","article-title":"Forehead stimulation decreases volume of the infarction triggered by permanent occlusion of middle cerebral artery in rats","volume":"2","author":"Shiflett JM","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurol Stroke"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","first-page":"183","article-title":"Extremes in human breath hold, facial immersion bradycardia","volume":"12","author":"Arnold RW","year":"1985","journal-title":"Undersea Biomed Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-013-9904-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.107.482810"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1941874415573024"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ene.16227","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]],"date-time":"2024-04-08T04:43:35Z","timestamp":1712551415000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ene.16227"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,2]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ene.16227"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ene.16227","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1351-5101","1468-1331"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1351-5101","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-1331","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-09-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-01-16","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-02-02","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e16227"}}