{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T01:28:55Z","timestamp":1792114135852,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]],"date-time":"2024-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015661","name":"UCB Pharma","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>With the emergence of new treatment options for myasthenia gravis (MG), there is a need for information regarding epidemiology, healthcare utilization, and societal costs to support economic evaluation and identify eligible patients. We aimed to enhance the understanding of these factors using nationwide systematic registry data in Norway.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We received comprehensive national registry data from five Norwegian health\u2010 and work\u2010related registries. The annual incidence and prevalence were estimated for the period 2013\u20132021 using nationwide hospital and prescription data. The direct, indirect (productivity losses) and intangible costs (value of lost life\u2010years [LLY] and health\u2010related quality of life [HRQoL]) related to MG were estimated over a period of 1 year.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In 2021, the incidence of MG ranged from 15 to 16 cases per year per million population depending on the registry used, while the prevalence varied between 208.9 and 210.3 per million population. The total annual societal costs of MG amounted to EUR 24,743 per patient, of which EUR 3592 (14.5%) were direct costs, EUR 8666 (35.0%) were productivity loss, and EUR 12,485 (50.5%) were lost value from LLY and reduced HRQoL.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The incidence and prevalence of MG are higher than previously estimated, and the total societal costs of MG are substantial. Our findings demonstrate that productivity losses, and the value of LLY and HRQoL constitute a considerable proportion of the total societal costs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.16233","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]],"date-time":"2024-02-07T11:38:06Z","timestamp":1707305886000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["The epidemiology and societal costs of myasthenia gravis in\u00a0Norway: A non\u2010interventional study using national registry\u00a0data"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9608-6731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ingrid","family":"Engebretsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oslo Economics  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nils Erik","family":"Gilhus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine University of Bergen  Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Haukeland University Hospital  Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivar S\u00f8nb\u00f8","family":"Kristiansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oslo Economics  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Department of Health Management and Health Economics, Institute of Health and Society University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Department of Public Health, Research Unit for General Practice University of Southern Denmark  Odense M Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik Magnus","family":"S\u00e6ther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oslo Economics  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6549-6065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ingrid","family":"Lindberg\u2010Schager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCB Pharma AB  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fredrik","family":"Arneberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCB Pharma AS  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0766-2870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoffer","family":"Bugge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oslo Economics  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1602678"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0079-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000011124"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181ad53c2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2010.03089.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40273-020-00912-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4045\/tidsskr.11.1099"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"768","article-title":"Data quality in the causes of death registry","volume":"135","author":"Pedersen AG","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Norwegian Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","unstructured":"Statistics Norway.Table\u00a007459: Population by sex and one\u2010year age groups (M) 1986\u20132023.2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","volume-title":"Methods for Economic Evaluation of Health Care Programmes","author":"Drummond MF","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2021.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","article-title":"Direct and indirect costs of the Norwegian breast cancer screening program","volume":"2012","author":"Moger TA","year":"2012","journal-title":"HERO"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2014.20.4.327"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","volume-title":"Prinsipper og krav ved utarbeidelse av samfunns\u00f8konomiske analyser","author":"Norwegian Ministry of Finance","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","unstructured":"The Norwegian Medicines Agency.Guidelines for the submission of documentation for single technology assessment (STA) of pharmaceuticals (Updated 2021).2018. 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