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Therefore, we aim to explore and describe the relationships between the retinal layer thicknesses and brain magnetic resonance image (MRI)\u2010derived phenotypes in UK Biobank.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Participants with both quality\u2010controlled optical coherence tomography (OCT) and brain MRI were included in this study. Retinal sublayer thicknesses and total macular thickness were derived from OCT scans. Brain image\u2010derived phenotypes (IDPs) of 153 cortical and subcortical regions were processed from MRI scans. We utilized multivariable linear regression models to examine the association between retinal thickness and brain regional volumes. All analyses were corrected for multiple testing and adjusted for confounders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Data from 6446 participants were included in this study. We identified significant associations between volumetric brain MRI measures of subregions in the occipital lobe (intracalcarine cortex), parietal lobe (postcentral gyrus), cerebellum (lobules VI, VIIb, VIIIa, VIIIb, and IX), and deep brain structures (thalamus, hippocampus, caudate, putamen, pallidum, and accumbens) and the thickness of the innermost retinal sublayers and total macular thickness (all p<\/jats:italic>\u2009<\u20093.3\u2009\u00d7\u200910\u22125<\/jats:sup>). We did not observe statistically significant associations between brain IDPs and the thickness of the outer retinal sublayers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>Thinner inner and total retinal thicknesses are associated with smaller volumes of specific brain regions. Notably, these relationships extend beyond anatomically established retina\u2013brain connections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.16288","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]],"date-time":"2024-05-08T10:11:31Z","timestamp":1715163091000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Structural correlations between brain magnetic resonance image\u2010derived phenotypes and retinal neuroanatomy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5001-7113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zihan","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust and University College London Institute of Ophthalmology London 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