{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T23:05:01Z","timestamp":1785020701464,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]],"date-time":"2024-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728518400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Centers for training in autonomic nervous system (ANS) disorders are not widely available and the recent coronavirus 2019 pandemic temporarily reduced training opportunities in autonomic medicine across European countries. Here we evaluated the current state of education, clinical skills and postgraduate educational preferences on ANS disorders of European neurology residents and consultants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 23\u2010item questionnaire was developed and distributed online amongst European neurology residents and consultants via mailing lists of the European Academy of Neurology. The questions assessed demographics, current training opportunities and learning preferences in ANS disorders. Six multiple\u2010choice questions were used to self\u2010evaluate knowledge of ANS disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In all, 285 individuals answered the survey (60% female, mostly 25\u201334\u2009years of age). All respondents considered clinical autonomic skills necessary for good clinical neurological practice, and 92% would like to increase their ANS knowledge. Female respondents and those who trained in Southern\/Eastern\/Greater Europe more frequently judged ANS skills important for clinical practice than male respondents (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.012) and respondents from Northern\/Western Europe (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.011). Female and younger respondents felt less confident in managing ANS disorders (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001 and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001, respectively). Respondents below 45\u2009years of age (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and those with lower confidence in managing ANS disorders (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.004) were more likely to recommend that ANS education is embedded in the residency curriculum.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Most European neurology residents and consultants reported a need for more autonomic education, with additional gender, age and regional differences. These findings underscore the importance of increasing the educational content on autonomic medicine in European medical and postgraduate curricula.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.16515","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]],"date-time":"2024-10-10T10:46:53Z","timestamp":1728557213000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Autonomic nervous system education in Europe: <scp>EAN<\/scp>\/<scp>EFAS<\/scp>\/<scp>INUS<\/scp> survey on curricula and skills in autonomic medicine of European neurology residents and consultants"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8912-4736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diogo","family":"Reis\u2010Carneiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Centro Hospitalar e Universit\u00e1rio de Coimbra  Coimbra Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Coimbra  Coimbra Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena Krbot","family":"Skoric","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University Hospital Centre  Zagreb Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Habek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University Hospital Centre  Zagreb Croatia"},{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Zagreb, School of Medicine  Zagreb Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Adamec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University Hospital Centre  Zagreb Croatia"},{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Zagreb, School of Medicine  Zagreb Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Calandra\u2010Buonaura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna  Bologna Italy"},{"name":"Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences\u2014DIBINEM University of Bologna  Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3633-8818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pietro","family":"Cortelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna  Bologna Italy"},{"name":"Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences\u2014DIBINEM University of Bologna  Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Gert","family":"van Dijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Leiden University Medical Centre  Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristian","family":"Falup\u2010Pecurariu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Transilvania University of Bra\u015fov  Romania"},{"name":"Department of Neurology County Clinic Hospital  Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pietro","family":"Guaraldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna  Bologna Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6802-1751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Max J.","family":"Hilz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Erlangen\u2010Nuremberg  Erlangen Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Iodice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology  London UK"},{"name":"Autonomic Unit National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Jordan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Aerospace Medicine German Aerospace Center (DLR)  Cologne Germany"},{"name":"Medical Faculty University of Cologne  Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Autonomic Function Lab, Institute of Physiology, CCUL Faculty of Medicine of University of Lisbon  Lisbon Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7360-7784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Walter","family":"Struhal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Department of Neurology University Hospital Tulln  Tulln Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Astrid Juhl","family":"Terkelsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Danish Pain Research Center Aarhus University  Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Aarhus University Hospital  Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1435-8970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roland","family":"Thijs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences\u2014DIBINEM University of Bologna  Bologna Italy"},{"name":"Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN)  Heemstede The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Tijero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurodegenerative Diseases Group Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute  Barakaldo Spain"},{"name":"Neurology Department Cruces University Hospital  Barakaldo Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Berger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"},{"name":"Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5455-4573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irena","family":"Rektorova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital Brno  Brno Czech Republic"},{"name":"Applied Neuroscience Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology CEITEC, Masaryk University Brno  Brno Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7968-5908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Moro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology Grenoble Institute of Neuroscience, Grenoble Alpes University, CHU of Grenoble  Grenoble France"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse  Toulouse France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9375-1553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne Pavy\u2010Le","family":"Traon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse  Toulouse 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