{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T14:04:10Z","timestamp":1777644250613,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,21]],"date-time":"2024-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007366","name":"Fondazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007366","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Ministero della Salute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS) has been validated in many cross\u2010sectional studies. However, longitudinal data on BICAMS subset trajectories and their correlation with disease activity during follow\u2010up are scarce.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>We aimed to (i) assess BICAMS changes in MS patients initiating high\u2010efficacy disease\u2010modifying\u2010treatments (DMTs), (ii) compare these changes based on maintenance of \u201cno\u2010evidence\u2010of\u2010disease\u2010activity\u201d (NEDA\u20103) status over 24\u2009months, and (iii) determine baseline clinical parameters predictive of cognitive changes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We enrolled 101 MS patients (mean age:40,45\u2009\u00b1\u200911; Relapsing\u2013Remitting\u2010MS:81%) initiating highly\u2010effective\u2010DMTs. Patients underwent Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), BICAMS, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), at baseline and after 24\u2009months. Regression\u2010based change index (RB\u2010CI) had been used for cognitive change evaluation over follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>During follow\u2010up, 78 (77.3%) patients maintained NEDA\u20103 status. Considering a 90% of confidence levels for RB\u2010CI, 12 (11.9%) improved at SDMT, 13 (12.9%) at CVLT\u2010II and 13 (12.9%) at BVMT\u2010R; while 7 (6.9%) were classified as worsened at SDMT, 11 (10.9%) at CVLT\u2010II and 8 (7.9%) at BVMT\u2010R. SDMT scores significantly improved at follow\u2010up for the entire group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003) and in patients maintaining NEDA\u20103 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The multivariable regression model assessing the SDMT improvement (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200912; <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091.65), was significant and explained 21% of the variance (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.038; Nagelkerke <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.212). Lower EDSS proved to be an independent predictor of SDMT reliable improvement (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.027) in our sample.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings showed that early disease activity control\u2014especially in patients with low baseline disability\u2014may yield significant benefits even in terms of cognitive performance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.70007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,21]],"date-time":"2024-12-21T08:59:28Z","timestamp":1734771568000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Brief international cognitive assessment for <scp>MS<\/scp> (<scp>BICAMS<\/scp>) and <scp>NEDA<\/scp> maintenance in <scp>MS<\/scp> patients: A 2\u2010year follow\u2010up longitudinal 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Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, and Mother\u2010Child Health (DINOGMI) University of Genoa  Genoa Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Cavalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, and Mother\u2010Child Health (DINOGMI) University of Genoa  Genoa Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Bavestrello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, and Mother\u2010Child Health (DINOGMI) University of Genoa  Genoa Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Uccelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, and Mother\u2010Child Health (DINOGMI) University of Genoa  Genoa Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino  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