{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T22:48:20Z","timestamp":1791931700036,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,27]],"date-time":"2024-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735257600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82230039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82230039"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82371349"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82371349"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82371879"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82371879"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U21A20360"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U21A20360"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The regulatory role of the apolipoprotein E (<jats:italic>APOE<\/jats:italic>) \u03b54 allele in the clinical manifestations of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the <jats:italic>APOE<\/jats:italic> \u03b54 allele on cognitive and motor functions in SCA3 patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study included 281 unrelated SCA3 patients and 182 controls. <jats:italic>APOE<\/jats:italic> genotypes were analyzed using PCR amplification combined with Sanger sequencing. Additionally, 96 SCA3 patients were prospectively recruited for neuropsychological and motor function assessments. Neuropsychological phenotypes were evaluated using the modified Chinese version of the Minimal Assessment of Cognitive Function in Multiple Sclerosis (MACFIMS). Motor function was assessed using the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) and the International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The frequency of the <jats:italic>APOE<\/jats:italic> \u03b54 allele was increased in SCA3 patients compared to the control group. The <jats:italic>APOE<\/jats:italic> \u03b54 allele was associated with better performance in language and visual memory, but also with more severe speech disturbances in SCA3 patients. Furthermore, in SCA3, the expanded CAG repeat length was correlated with poorer language memory performance and slower information processing speed, as well as more severe gait disturbances, fast alternating hand movements, speech disturbance, and oculomotor disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The <jats:italic>APOE<\/jats:italic> \u03b54 allele may serve as a disease\u2010modifying factor in SCA3, influencing both cognitive and motor functions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.70017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,28]],"date-time":"2024-12-28T06:55:21Z","timestamp":1735368921000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Apolipoprotein E epsilon4 allele is associated with better performance language and visual memory in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Xuanyu","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences Fujian Medical University  Fuzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology of First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience Fujian Medical University  Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kunxin","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology of First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience Fujian Medical University  Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhixian","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology of First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience Fujian Medical University  Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liangliang","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology of First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience Fujian Medical University  Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusen","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology of First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience Fujian Medical University  Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruying","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology of First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience Fujian Medical University  Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xintong","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology of First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience Fujian Medical University  Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunyu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology of First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience Fujian Medical University  Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bi","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology of First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience Fujian Medical University  Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology of First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience Fujian Medical University  Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianmin","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology of First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience Fujian Medical University  Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanjin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology of First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience Fujian Medical University  Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology of First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience Fujian Medical University  Fuzhou China"},{"name":"Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology Fujian Medical University  Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7552-5141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shirui","family":"Gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology of First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience Fujian Medical University  Fuzhou China"},{"name":"Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology Fujian Medical University  Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiuni","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine Xiamen University  Xiamen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1590-3945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences Fujian Medical University  Fuzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology of First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience Fujian Medical University  Fuzhou China"},{"name":"Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology Fujian Medical University  Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"OSCCAR Investigators","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0074-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2011.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14656566.2022.2135432"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature24016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-023-12042-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-021-01282-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plipres.2010.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03550160069041"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2011.636"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2014.03.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0111356"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1533317514525655"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28805"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000011883"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000188871.74093.12"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2014.1455"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0277798"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410390411"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(17)30548-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2011.11.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.103838"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.152.5.660"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8341.1959.tb00467.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(93)90081-p"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(89)90047-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/14.6.540"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-510x(96)00231-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000219042.60538.92"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000357404"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1474-4422(13)70104-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0118828"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2350-11-47"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-018-0269-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-021-00117-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-66114-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2018.09.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2016.12.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4061\/2011\/726197"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2008.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-012-1000-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2020.10.033"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ene.70017","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]],"date-time":"2025-01-27T05:16:14Z","timestamp":1737954974000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ene.70017"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,27]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ene.70017"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ene.70017","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1351-5101","1468-1331"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1351-5101","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-1331","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-07-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-11","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-27","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70017"}}