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However, clear selection criteria and well\u2010defined cognitive outcomes are lacking. This systematic review specifically aimed to address these gaps by assessing the cognitive impact of APO and LCIG in PD patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines, with searches in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase. Two authors screened studies based on key inclusion criteria, including at least two cognitive tests, and a follow\u2010up of 6\u2009months or more. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Newcastle\u2013Ottawa Scale (NOS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fifteen studies were identified (7 APO and 8 LCIG). APO generally preserved cognitive function over a 12\u2010month follow\u2010up, with some decreases in visuospatial memory and executive functions. LCIG, with a 28\u2010month follow\u2010up, showed more extensive cognitive decline, particularly in patients with pre\u2010existing impairments. Variability in cognitive tests made direct comparisons difficult.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>APO may have a more favorable cognitive profile than LCIG. However, differences in follow\u2010up duration, moderate risk of bias, and inconsistent cognitive assessments warrant cautious interpretation. Improved patient selection and comprehensive cognitive evaluations are recommended for future practice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.70077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]],"date-time":"2025-02-11T12:43:52Z","timestamp":1739277832000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Cognitive Outcomes of Advanced Therapies in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review of Apomorphine and Levodopa\u2013Carbidopa Intestinal Gel Therapies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6904-6494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Longo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology \u201cSanta Chiara Hospital\u201d, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari (APSS)  Trento 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