{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:49:22Z","timestamp":1787014162272,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741219200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell\u2010inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thinning are used as markers of subclinical retinal degeneration to evaluate the effect of disease\u2010modifying therapies (DMTs) on disease progression in clinical trials of multiple sclerosis (MS). This study aimed to assess the available evidence regarding the effects of DMTs on retinal thinning in people with MS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Databases were searched for studies reporting longitudinal optical coherence tomography (OCT)\u2010derived annualized RNFL and GCIPL thinning in patients receiving DMTs treatment. The standardized mean differences (Hedges g) of RNFL and GCIPL thickness between the baseline and follow\u2010up were used as the primary effect size measure. DMTs were divided into moderate (M\u2010DMTs) and high (H\u2010DMTs) efficacy therapies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty\u2010one studies including 2158 patients and 3685 eyes were included. Overall, significant annualized RNFL (\n                      <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.6715,\n                      <jats:italic>p\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u20090.0077) and GCIPL (\n                      <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.31,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) thinning was observed at follow\u2010up compared with baseline. Annualized RNFL thinning was only significant in the M\u2010DMTs group (\n                      <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.6992,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0243). Annualized GCIPL thinning was significant in both M\u2010DMTs (\n                      <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.38,\n                      <jats:italic>p\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u20090.0006) and H\u2010DMTs group (\n                      <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.19,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) but was significantly greater in the M\u2010DMTs group compared with the H\u2010DMTs group (\n                      <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.20,\n                      <jats:italic>p\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u20090.0017). There was no difference in annualized GCIPL or RNFL thinning between RRMS and PMS, or between RRMS with and without ON history.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>High\u2010DMTs are more effective in reducing longitudinal thinning of RNFL and GCIPL compared with M\u2010DMTs. GCIPL thinning could serve as a sensitive predictor for the surveillance of optic nerve degeneration and the assessment of DMT efficacy for both RRMS and PMS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.70081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T18:37:22Z","timestamp":1741718242000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Effects of Disease\u2010Modifying Therapies on Optic Nerve Degeneration in Multiple Sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5748-4371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xia","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Harvard University  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"},{"name":"Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Letizia","family":"Leocani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurological Department and Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE) Scientific Institute, Hospital San Raffaele  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing 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