{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T03:42:37Z","timestamp":1792726957956,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]],"date-time":"2025-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742860800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009358","name":"Duchenne Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021\u201006 NU\u2010006994"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\u201006 NU\u2010006994"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009358","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It is uncertain whether using cardiac drugs prophylactically in combinations for DMD is better than ACE\u2010inhibitor alone. Our previous study showed no differences in left ventricular function between perindopril\u2010bisoprolol and matched placebo after 36 months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to determine whether heart measures diverged after 60\u2010month total follow\u2010up. All participants had commenced open\u2010label perindopril and bisoprolol when the original study ended. All were reconsented for access to heart measures, undertaken as part of their clinical care. The primary outcome was the change in echo\u2010measured ventricular ejection fraction from baseline according to original randomization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 75 participants reported originally, 65 (aged 16\u2009\u00b1\u20092.5\u2009years) were re\u2010recruited and had data for analysis. Adjusted primary outcomes included 44 participants (original arms: \u2018active\u2019 21; \u2018placebo\u2019 23), 48 for secondary outcomes, and 65 for \u2018headcount\u2019 analysis of those with ventricular dysfunction. Absolute LVEF% values reduced in both groups (\u2018active\u2019: 62.5%\u2009\u00b1\u20095.6% to 53.8%\u2009\u00b1\u20094.0%; \u2018placebo\u2019: 60.6%\u2009\u00b1\u20094.9% to 50.4%\u2009\u00b1\u20098.5%). Despite trends favoring earlier introduction of therapy, change from baseline was similar between groups (adjusted mean difference: \u20107.7 (95% CI \u201016.4 to1.0%)). However, more in the \u2018placebo\u2019 arm had died, had reduced LVEF%, and were taking additional heart medications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While some patients may have benefited from \u2018early\u2019 (active) as opposed to \u2018delayed\u2019 (placebo) initiation of perindopril and bisoprolol, group\u2010mean ventricular function did not differ between study arms after 60 months. Small numbers, absence of a control group, insensitivity of echo\u2010ejection fraction, and additional drug use probably prevented divergence between groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.70097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]],"date-time":"2025-03-27T01:14:41Z","timestamp":1743038081000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Preventing Cardiomyopathy in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Long\u2010Term Follow\u2010Up of Patients in the Randomised, Placebo\u2010Controlled Drug\u2010Trial of Perindopril and Bisoprolol"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7857-9073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John P.","family":"Bourke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Hospitals Foundation Trust &amp; John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University, and Newcastle Hospitals Foundation Trust  Newcastle upon Tyne UK"},{"name":"John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre Newcastle University, and Newcastle Hospitals Foundation Trust  Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Bryant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University  Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory","family":"Landon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, &amp; Great Ormond Street Hospital Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexis","family":"Burn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Newcastle Joint Research Office Newcastle University\/The Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust  Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Spinty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Neurology Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ros","family":"Quinlivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery. Queen's Square  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoya","family":"Alhaswani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics &amp; Child Health Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Chadwick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University  Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Muntoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, &amp; Great Ormond Street Hospital Trust  London 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