{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T21:38:49Z","timestamp":1792100329184,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742342400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS\u20102024\u201000337352"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS\u20102024\u201000337352"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although increased mortality in patients with Parkinson disease (PD) is well documented, studies on suicide\u2010related mortality have yielded conflicting results. Moreover, the impact of comorbidities, socioeconomic factors and health behaviours as potential risk factors for suicide remains underinvestigated. This study aimed to investigate suicide mortality risk in patients with PD and comprehensively elucidate the association between comorbidities, socioeconomic factors, health behaviours and suicide in PD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This nationwide population\u2010based cohort study used Korean National Health Insurance Service data from 2009, with a longitudinal follow\u2010up until 31 December 2021.<\/jats:p><jats:p>This study included 2,732,294 (PD, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20094132; without PD, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092,728,162) individuals. PD was defined by ICD\u201010 code (G20) and registration code (V124). Comorbidities were identified using medical history, ICD\u201010 codes, laboratory data and prescribed medications. Health behaviours were obtained from a self\u2010reported National Health Screening Program questionnaire. The primary outcome was suicide mortality, determined by ICD\u201010 codes for intentional self\u2010harm (X60\u2010X84).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Suicide mortality in patients with PD increased by 2.71\u2010fold. Males with PD had more than a sevenfold higher risk (HR\u2009=\u20097.34, 95% CI, 5.25\u201310.26). Low\u2010income patients with PD had an approximately fivefold higher risk compared to high\u2010income non\u2010PD individuals (HR\u2009=\u20095.10, 95% CI, 3.07\u20138.46). Patients with PD concomitant with depression (HR\u2009=\u20095.00, 95% CI, 3.06\u20138.16) and alcohol consumption (HR\u2009=\u20093.54, 95% CI, 2.14\u20135.89) also showed increased suicide risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study suggests that patients with PD have a higher risk of suicide, particularly males, those with lower income, depression or alcohol consumption.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.70111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T12:01:07Z","timestamp":1742385667000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Suicide Risk and Associated Factors in Parkinson Disease: A Nationwide Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9829-8922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seo Yeon","family":"Yoon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Institute for Innovation in Digital Healthcare Yonsei University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jee Hyun","family":"Suh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine  Seongnam\u2010si Gyeonggi\u2010do South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin Hyung","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Samsung Biomedical Research Institute Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine  Suwon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang Chul","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyungdo","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science Soongsil University  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5234-2454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong Wook","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25945"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-181474"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(06)70373-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.147.2.217"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-013-0409-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1236296"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-022-03990-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2018.01.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2016.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.2194"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01558.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089198870101400304"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","first-page":"181","article-title":"Suicide and Psychiatric Diagnosis: A Worldwide Perspective","volume":"1","author":"Bertolote J. 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