{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T02:23:08Z","timestamp":1789611788341,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742342400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Early\u2010onset Alzheimer's disease and other dementias (EOAD) impose significant burdens on affected individuals and their families. However, the global burden of EOAD has not been fully investigated. We aimed to assess the global, regional, and national burden of EOAD using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD) study from 1990 to 2021.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data for adults aged 40\u201364 were extracted within the GBD 2021 framework. Primary outcomes included age\u2010standardized prevalence, incidence, mortality, and disability\u2010adjusted life years (DALYs) for EOAD, as well as average annual percentage change (AAPC) across 21 regions and 204 countries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In 2021, EOAD cases reached 7.75\u2009million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 5.82\u201310.08), up from 3.67 million cases (95% UI 2.75\u20134.76) in 1990. The age\u2010standardized prevalence rate increased from 341.2 per 100,000 (95% UI 255.89\u2013442.79) in 1990 to 363.5 per 100,000 in 2021, with an AAPC of 0.26% (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). EOAD prevalence was higher in women than in men in 2021 (4.28 million, 95% UI 3.24\u20135.56, vs. 3.46 million, 95% UI 2.57\u20134.52). EOAD was associated with 0.07 million (95% UI 0.01\u20130.23) deaths and 3.77 million (95% UI 1.69\u20138.88) DALYs in 2021. Additionally, 1.06 million (95% UI 0.07\u20133.03) DALYs were attributable to smoking, elevated fasting plasma glucose, and high body mass index.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The global number of EOAD cases among adults aged 40\u201364\u2009years more than doubled from 1990 to 2021. Targeted strategies and interventions are urgently needed to address this growing public health issue.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.70116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T12:38:47Z","timestamp":1742387927000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Global, Regional, and National Burden of Early\u2010Onset Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias in Young Adults Aged 40\u201364\u2009Years, 1990\u20132021: A Population\u2010Based Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Zenghui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Jinan University First Affiliated Hospital  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"The First Clinical Medical College Jinan University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9199-5591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaojie","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Jinan University First Affiliated Hospital  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"The First Clinical Medical College Jinan University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huimin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Jinan University First Affiliated Hospital  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"The First Clinical Medical College Jinan University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianyun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Jinan University First Affiliated Hospital  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"The First Clinical Medical College Jinan University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siyuan","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Jinan University First Affiliated Hospital  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"The First Clinical Medical College Jinan University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6822-1606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuchen","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Jinan University First Affiliated Hospital  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"The First Clinical Medical College Jinan University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengjuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Jinan University First Affiliated Hospital  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"The First Clinical Medical College Jinan University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Jinan University First Affiliated Hospital  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"The First Clinical Medical College Jinan University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","first-page":"S8","article-title":"Profiling Baseline Performance on the Longitudinal Early\u2010Onset Alzheimer's Disease Study (LEADS) Cohort Near the Midpoint of Data Collection","volume":"19","author":"Hammers D. 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