{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T12:08:02Z","timestamp":1789128482186,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]],"date-time":"2025-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745971200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Reduced bone mass and increased osteoporosis risk are common in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). The aim of the study was to identify risk factors for short\u2010term bone loss in MS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This prospective study included 139 pwMS (ages 18\u201365). Baseline data included demographics, body\u2010mass index, physical activity, smoking, menopause status, 25\u2010hydroxy vitamin D levels, and history of glucocorticoid use. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at baseline and after 2\u2009years using dual\u2010energy X\u2010ray absorptiometry (DXA) for the lumbar spine and hip. Disability worsening was assessed by the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Additionally, a literature review was conducted on longitudinal data regarding BMD in MS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Over the 2\u2010year follow\u2010up period, significant BMD loss was observed in the hip (baseline g\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>: median 0.898; IQR 0.808\u20131.014; 2\u2010year follow\u2010up: 0.882; 0.784\u20131.01; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), but not in the lumbar spine. Overall, 101 (73.1%) experienced hip BMD loss, with a median decrease of 3.5%. Patients with disability worsening had an approximately 7\u2010times higher risk of bone loss compared to those without disability worsening (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.013). PwMS with fractures during the follow\u2010up period had significantly lower hip BMD (0.760, 0.546\u20130.890 vs. 0.909, 0.828\u20131.015; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.024), a higher EDSS score (4.4, 2.8\u20135.8 vs. 2.0, 1.0\u20134.0 vs. <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.026), and were older (59, 46\u201362 vs. 47, 37\u201354; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.030) compared to those without fractures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Disability worsening was identified as a risk factor for BMD loss. These findings underscore the need for active monitoring of pwMS with disability worsening to prevent bone loss and, thus, to reduce fracture risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.70176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]],"date-time":"2025-04-30T09:31:34Z","timestamp":1746005494000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Short\u2010Term Risk Factors for Bone Loss in Multiple Sclerosis: A Prospective Study and Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4664-9310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne","family":"Zinganell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Medical University of Innsbruck  Innsbruck 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