{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T20:50:25Z","timestamp":1789678225625,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747008000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82171280"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82171280"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82201451"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82201451"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Stroke in children is a global epidemic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data on stroke, including incidence, DALYs, mortality, and associated risk factors from 1990 to 2021, were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, 2021. Estimated annual percentage changes were calculated to evaluate changes in the age\u2010standardized rates of incidence (ASIR), DALYs (ASDR), and mortality (ASMR), as well as trends by age, sex, and sociodemographic index (SDI). Projections of DALYs to 2050 were made.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In 2021, there were 310,133 incident stroke cases, accounting for 24,807 deaths and 2,414,655 DALYs among children and adolescents. The global ASIR, ASDR, and ASMR for stroke were 11.8, 93.9, and 1.0 per 100,000 population, respectively. Middle\u2010to\u2010low\u2010SDI regions accounted for 81.6% of incident cases, 90.2% of DALYs, and 92.7% of deaths. A reversed V\u2010shaped association was observed between SDI and ASRs. Children &lt;\u20091\u2009year had the highest ASRs, with rates generally decreasing with age, and the highest incidence of hemorrhagic stroke. Adolescents aged 15\u201319\u2009years had the highest incidence of ischemic stroke. Non\u2010optimal temperature contributed the most to the DALYs and death rates for stroke. By 2050, it is projected that 282,404 DALYs will be lost due to stroke.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Stroke burden varies by the GBD region, country, age, sex, and SDI. Despite declines in ASRs, stroke remains a significant burden, especially in middle\u2010to\u2010low\u2010SDI regions, among children &lt;\u20091\u2009year, and among those with intracerebral hemorrhage. Non\u2010optimal temperature emerges as the leading modifiable risk factor for children stroke; targeted interventions can prevent this.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.70180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T08:01:17Z","timestamp":1748332877000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Global, Regional, and National Burden of Stroke on Children and Adolescents Aged Under 20\u2009Years From 1990 to 2021, With Projections of Disability\u2010Adjusted Life Year to 2050: A Comprehensive Demographic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Jing\u2010Jie","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School of Chinese PLA  Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Centre Chinese PLA General Hospital  Beijing 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