{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T11:47:02Z","timestamp":1790423222712,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]],"date-time":"2025-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749427200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Comorbidities occur in aquaporin\u20104 antibody\u2010positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4\u2010NMOSD), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody\u2010associated disease (MOGAD), and double seronegative NMOSD (DN\u2010NMOSD), potentially contributing to a less favorable disease course.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To characterize comorbidities in AQP4\u2010NMOSD, MOGAD, and DN\u2010NMOSD and assess their association with optic neuritis (ON) outcomes by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in AQP4\u2010NMOSD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four hundred and forty\u2010two participants from the CROCTINO cohort were evaluated for comorbidities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In AQP4\u2010NMOSD patients (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009360), 43.5% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009161) had comorbidities, equally divided between single and multiple. In MOGAD (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200949), 40.8% had comorbidities, with 75% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200915) single and 25% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20095) multiple. In DN\u2010NMOSD (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200933), 36.4% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200912) had comorbidities equally split. AQP4\u2010NMOSD patients had more multiple comorbidities (50%,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200981\/161) than MOGAD (25%,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20095\/20,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.03) and more autoimmune disorders (AID) (40.4%,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200965) than MOGAD (20%,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20094,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.09) and DN\u2010NMOSD (none,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.004). Cardiovascular comorbidities and related risk factors (CVC\/RF) occurred in 34.8% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200956) of AQP4\u2010NMOSD, 50% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200910) of MOGAD, and 33.3% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20094) of DN\u2010NMOSD. Expanded Disability Status Scale was higher in MOGAD (3.0 vs. 2.0,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.006) and DN\u2010NMOSD (5.0 vs. 2.0,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.008) with comorbidities. AQP4\u2010NMOSD patients with CVC\/RF had higher ON relapse rates than those with AID (1.06\u2009\u00b1\u20093.33 vs. 0.49\u2009\u00b1\u20090.98,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). OCT revealed reduced inner nuclear layer thickness in AQP4\u2010NMOSD with comorbidities compared to non\u2010comorbidity (\n                      <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22121.52,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.047), more pronounced with CVC\/RF (\n                      <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22122.96,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.009).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Comorbidities are frequent in AQP4\u2010NMOSD and MOGAD and are associated with ON frequency and disability. These findings highlight the need for proactive comorbidity management to improve patient care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.70214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]],"date-time":"2025-06-09T05:54:08Z","timestamp":1749448448000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Comorbidities Are Associated With Unfavorable Outcome in Aquaporin\u20104 Antibody Positive Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders and Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody\u2010Associated Disease: Exploratory Study From the\n                    <scp>CROCTINO<\/scp>\n                    Cohort"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3593-1852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Samadzadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Regional Health Research University of Southern Denmark  Odense 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Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin  Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Max Delbr\u00fcck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC)  Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Neuroscience Clinical Research Center Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hadi","family":"Salih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Research Center Max Delbr\u00fcck Center for Molecular Medicine and Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin  Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Max Delbr\u00fcck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC)  Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Neuroscience Clinical Research Center 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Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael R.","family":"Yeaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA  Los Angeles California USA"},{"name":"Divisions of Molecular Medicine &amp; Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Harbor\u2010UCLA Medical Center  Torrance California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terry J.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Kellogg Eye Center  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"},{"name":"Division of Metabolism, Endocrine and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine University of Michigan Medical School  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander U.","family":"Brandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Research Center Max Delbr\u00fcck Center for 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