{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T07:41:39Z","timestamp":1789026099605,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748908800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>This post hoc analysis investigated relationships between baseline plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a potential biomarker for multiple sclerosis (MS), and baseline characteristics and on\u2010treatment outcomes in participants with relapsing MS (RMS) from two Phase 3 trials that randomly assigned ozanimod 0.46\u2009mg or 0.92\u2009mg or interferon \u03b2\u20101a 30\u2009\u03bcg.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the Phase 3 trials (SUNBEAM [<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\">ClinicalTrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>: NCT02294058; EudraCT: 2014\u2013002320\u201027], duration: \u2265 12\u2009months; and RADIANCE [<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\">ClinicalTrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>: NCT02047734; EudraCT: 2012\u2013002714\u201040], duration: 24\u2009months) baseline plasma GFAP was measured via Simoa (Quanterix). Adjusted regression models were used to determine relationships between baseline GFAP and baseline participant characteristics and to predict on\u2010treatment outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Baseline GFAP was associated with sex and had inverse associations with baseline body mass index and whole brain volume (WBV). Baseline GFAP had positive associations with baseline age, neurofilament light chain, numbers of gadolinium\u2010enhancing (GdE) and T2 lesions, and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score. Baseline GFAP had inverse associations with on\u2010treatment WBV and the proportion of participants with no evidence of disease activity\u20103. Baseline GFAP had positive associations with on\u2010treatment number of relapses through Months 12 and 24, number of GdE lesions at Month 12, number of new\/enlarging T2 lesions over 12\u2009months, and Month 12 EDSS score. In a multivariable lasso model, baseline GFAP concentration independently predicted only the number of relapses through Month 12.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These data suggest that plasma GFAP is a relapse\u2010independent metric of baseline disease severity and a predictor of treatment response in participants with RMS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.70222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T06:45:32Z","timestamp":1749019532000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein as a Marker of Disease in Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis: Post Hoc Analysis of Phase 3 Ozanimod Trials"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9433-7496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Harris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bristol Myers Squibb  Princeton New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giancarlo","family":"Comi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vita\u2010Salute San Raffaele University and Casa di Cura Igea  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce A. C.","family":"Cree","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology University of California San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas L.","family":"Arnold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NeuroRx Research and Montr\u00e9al Neurological Institute McGill University  Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence","family":"Steinman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Beckman Center for Molecular Medicine Stanford University Medical Center  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James K.","family":"Sheffield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bristol Myers Squibb  Princeton New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Maddux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bristol Myers Squibb  Princeton New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harry","family":"Southworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Data Clarity Consulting Ltd, Stockport  UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ludwig","family":"Kappos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), Departments of Head Organs, Spine and Neuromedicine, Clinical Research, Biomedicine, and Biomedical Engineering University Hospital and University of Basel  Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey A.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mellen Center for MS Treatment and Research, Department of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2020.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-021-00616-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2015.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fnl.12.90"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22115904"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202250228"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5384-11.2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00300"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1981.tb05302.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","first-page":"212","article-title":"Serum Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein: A Surrogate Marker of the Activity of Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"35","author":"Sharquie I. 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