{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T12:45:28Z","timestamp":1770813928835,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) infrequently presents with isolated amygdala enlargement (AE), but its relevance remains ambiguous. We therefore investigated clinical, imaging, and histopathological findings in mTLE\u2010AE compared to non\u2010lesional mTLE (mTLE\u2010NL) patients, and additionally strategies for identifying AE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We detected AE by automated volumetry of otherwise unremarkable magnetic resonance images of mTLE patients, compared with a healthy comparator. Autoimmune inflammation as an AE cause was excluded using the Graus criteria. We compared clinical and neuropsychological variables between mTLE\u2010AE and mTLE\u2010NL. Secondary assessment of AE was by neuroradiologist visual detection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 63 mTLE patients, 15 had mTLE\u2010AE. In these, normalized mean volume was 1857.58\u2009mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> (SD\u2009=\u2009207.38) for the left, 1973.09\u2009mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> (SD\u2009=\u2009214.91) for the right amygdala, 2003.34\u2009mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> (SD\u2009=\u2009218.85) for the larger and 1827.34\u2009mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> (SD\u2009=\u2009179.85) for the smaller amygdala. Mean volume in the healthy control subjects was 1853.4\u2009mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> for the left (SD\u2009=\u2009212.44) and 1895.2\u2009mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> for the right amygdala (SD\u2009=\u2009224.29). Clinical parameters including age, sex, epilepsy duration, history of febrile convulsions, drug resistance, neuropsychological performance, surgical outcome, and medications did not differ significantly between mTLE\u2010AE and mTLE\u2010NL. Histopathological findings in mTLE\u2010AE included dysmorphic neurons, potential tumors, and focal cortical dysplasia. Neuroradiologists independently described AE in 37 of 63 mTLE patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>mTLE\u2010AE has no specific clinical profile compared to non\u2010lesional mTLE and features diverse underlying pathologies. Volumetric detection appears more conservative than conventional qualitative visual analysis, but may miss cases of subtle AE. Combining automated volumetry with visual assessment may improve AE detection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.70225","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T06:01:18Z","timestamp":1748412078000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Clinical Findings in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Associated With Isolated Amygdala Enlargement"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3372-1151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annika","family":"Kirscht","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine\u2010Main, Goethe\u2010University Frankfurt University Hospital Frankfurt  Frankfurt am Main Germany"},{"name":"Goethe\u2010University Frankfurt Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research  Frankfurt am Main 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