{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T07:10:13Z","timestamp":1756365013668,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754524800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The diagnosis of Varicella\u2010zoster virus related neurological disease (VZD) and Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) is based on clinical presentation as well as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate and compare the diagnostic utility of oligoclonal bands (OCB) and the \u03ba\u2010free light chain (FLC) index in patients with VZD and LNB.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with the diagnosis of VZD or LNB at the Department of Neurology of the Medical University of Innsbruck between 2008 to 2020 were included. OCB were determined by isoelectric focusing followed by immunoblotting, \u03ba\u2010FLC were measured by immunonephelometry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 82 patients were included in the study comprising 48 patients with VZD and 34 with LNB. LNB patients exhibited higher \u03ba\u2010FLC indices (29 [14\u201345] vs. 4 [2\u201312], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and were more frequently OCB positive (65% vs. 8%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) than VZD patients. The disease duration was longer in OCB\u2010positive patients (VZD: 21 [18\u201328] days; LNB: 15 [7\u201322] days) compared to OCB\u2010negative patients (VZD: 10 [5\u201317] days, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.030; LNB: 5 [4\u20137] days, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.006). No differences in disease duration were observed between patients with positive or negative \u03ba\u2010FLC index. In multivariable analysis, OCB positivity was associated with disease duration (Odds Ratio [OR]: 1.11, 95% confidence interval: 1.01\u20131.23, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.028), while \u03ba\u2010FLC index was not.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In both VZD and LNB, the \u03ba\u2010FLC index was more frequently positive than OCB, particularly in cases with shorter disease duration. This suggests that the \u03ba\u2010FLC index may be a more sensitive marker of (sub)acute intrathecal inflammation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.70323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T09:04:39Z","timestamp":1754557479000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Kappa Free Light Chain Index and Oligoclonal Bands in Varicella Zoster Virus Infection and Neuroborreliosis: A Matter of Timing?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Klaus","family":"Berek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Medical University of Innsbruck  Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3081-854X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Schmidauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Medical University of Innsbruck  Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Auer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Medical University of Innsbruck  Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Bsteh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"},{"name":"Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences &amp; 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