{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T04:08:59Z","timestamp":1790741339587,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757635200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Repurposing glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 (GLP\u20101) and GIP\/GLP\u20101 receptor agonists (RAs) for idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) represents an attractive alternative to current treatments, supported by evidence of potent metabolic effects and reductions in cerebrospinal fluid secretion and intracranial pressure in\u00a0vivo.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We evaluated the safety and efficacy of GLP\u20101 RAs and GIP\/GLP\u20101 RAs in IIH. MEDLINE and Scopus databases were searched for randomized\u2010controlled trials (RCT), non\u2010randomized clinical trials, or registries in adults with IIH.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Two clinical trials (one RCT and one non\u2010randomized case\u2013control) and two registries, comprising 1550 IIH patients (768 receiving GLP\u20101 or GIP\/GLP\u20101 RAs) were included. Compared with standard\u2010of\u2010care, GLP\u20101 or GIP\/GLP\u20101 RAs were associated with a significantly lower risk of papilledema (RR: 0.25; 95% CI: 0.15\u20130.43;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;\u20090.01) and visual disturbances or blindness (RR: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.18\u20130.92;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u20090.03), and a near\u2010significant trend toward reduced headache risk (RR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.34\u20131.07;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u20090.08). Additionally, GLP\u20101 RAs significantly reduced monthly headache days at 3\u2009months (MD = \u22123.64; 95% CI: \u22126.26 to \u22121.03;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;\u20090.01) and at the end of follow\u2010up (MD = \u22124.82; 95% CI: \u22128.80 to \u22120.85;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u20090.02). No association was detected between GLP\u20101 RAs and body mass index. No serious adverse events or treatment discontinuations were reported; mild gastrointestinal adverse events and nausea occurred in 88% (95% CI: 0.46\u20131.00) of GLP\u20101 RA\u2010treated patients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GLP\u20101 and dual GIP\/GLP\u20101 RAs are associated with a significantly lower risk of papilledema and visual disturbances or blindness and a lower headache risk compared with standard\u2010of\u2010care. Additionally, GLP\u20101 RAs significantly reduce the monthly headache burden. Well\u2010designed RCTs are needed to robustly evaluate the effects of GLP\u20101 and GIP\/GLP\u20101 RAs in IIH, which likely extend beyond their weight\u2010loss\u2010inducing properties.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PROSPERO registration ID: CRD42025650082<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.70358","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T18:48:18Z","timestamp":1757702898000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Efficacy and Safety of\n                    <scp>GLP<\/scp>\n                    \u20101 and Dual\n                    <scp>GIP<\/scp>\n                    \/\n                    <scp>GLP<\/scp>\n                    \u20101 Receptor Agonists in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Maria\u2010Ioanna","family":"Stefanou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Neurology \u201cAttikon\u201d University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens  Athens Greece"},{"name":"Department of Neurology &amp; Stroke Eberhard\u2010Karls University of T\u00fcbingen  T\u00fcbingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8523-1024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irini","family":"Chatziralli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Ophthalmology Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens  Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vaia","family":"Lambadiari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Internal Medicine \u201cAttikon\u201d University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens  Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annerose","family":"Mengel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology &amp; Stroke Eberhard\u2010Karls University of T\u00fcbingen  T\u00fcbingen Germany"},{"name":"Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research Eberhard\u2010Karls University of T\u00fcbingen  T\u00fcbingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aikaterini","family":"Foska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Neurology \u201cAttikon\u201d University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens  Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Chondrogianni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Neurology \u201cAttikon\u201d University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens  Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleni","family":"Bakola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Neurology \u201cAttikon\u201d University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens  Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2344-6323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Panagiota\u2010Eleni","family":"Tsalouchidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Neurology \u201cAttikon\u201d University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens  Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimos D.","family":"Mitsikostas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Neurology Department Aeginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens  Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerasimos","family":"Siasos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Department of Cardiology Sotiria Thoracic Diseases General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens  Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulf","family":"Ziemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology &amp; Stroke Eberhard\u2010Karls University of T\u00fcbingen  T\u00fcbingen Germany"},{"name":"Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research Eberhard\u2010Karls University of T\u00fcbingen  T\u00fcbingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0640-3797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgios","family":"Tsivgoulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Neurology \u201cAttikon\u201d University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens  Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IIO.0b013e3182aabf11"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13739"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000011463"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000208036"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/19418744221131918"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c2701"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awad003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-018-0919-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000442721"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2017-317440"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-122166"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17562864241281903"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-024-01342-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aan0972"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24119760"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000207866"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2009.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182a55f17"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i4919"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-14-135"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177729756"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203771587"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2021.103395"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119536604.ch10"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000012896"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-023-01631-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2025.2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/edm2.70019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000651"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30083-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000690"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-023-02908-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.14897"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.1047883"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.3312"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-022-11402-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-086424"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/23969873241234238"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-024-01821-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42466-021-00133-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jon.13160"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003434.pub3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","unstructured":"National Library of Medicine \u201cA Trial to Determine the Efficacy and Safety of Presendin in IIH (IIH EVOLVE) ClinicalTrials.Gov Identifier: NCT05347147 \u201d(2024) https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT05347147."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-021-10700-9"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ene.70358","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T07:44:32Z","timestamp":1759131872000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ene.70358"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ene.70358"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ene.70358","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1351-5101","1468-1331"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1351-5101","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-1331","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-06-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-02","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70358"}}