{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T18:40:18Z","timestamp":1761763218258,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760054400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101001237"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101001237"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["917.17.308"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["917.17.308"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014072","name":"Amsterdams Universiteitsfonds","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recognition of autoimmune encephalitis (AIE) can be difficult as typical radiological or cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities may be lacking. We investigated the yield of comprehensive diagnostic testing for anti\u2010neuronal antibodies in patients suspected of encephalitis in an acute setting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a prospective multicenter cohort, we included patients suspected of encephalitis in whom a lumbar puncture was performed. We retrospectively selected patients from this cohort in whom no infectious cause was identified and an autoimmune CNS disease was considered. Immunohistochemistry was performed on the CSF samples as an index test to screen for anti\u2010neuronal antibodies, and confirmatory cell\u2010based assays were performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Between 2017 and 2021, 723 episodes were included in 707 patients. The median age was 55\u2009years, and 347 (48%) of the episodes occurred in women. In 59 of 723 episodes (8%), a clinical diagnosis of autoimmune CNS disease was made. Twenty\u2010three (3%) of them fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for possible AIE, and 9 (1%) had antibody\u2010positive AIE (five anti\u2010NMDAR encephalitis, two anti\u2010LGi1 encephalitis, one anti\u2010Ma2 encephalitis and anti\u2010CV2 encephalitis). Extensive antibody testing identified no additional anti\u2010neuronal antibodies in the remaining 47 episodes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a cohort of patients with a suspected encephalitis presenting in an acute setting, the incidence of possible AIE was low, and in only one\u2010third of possible AIE episodes an anti\u2010neuronal antibody was detected. Anti\u2010neuronal antibody testing beyond what was done in the clinical setting did not yield additional cases of antibody\u2010positive AIE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.70359","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T05:33:35Z","timestamp":1760160815000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Diagnostic Yield of Anti\u2010Neuronal Antibody Testing in Patients Suspected of an Infectious Encephalitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Liora","family":"ter Horst","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juliette","family":"Brenner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Erasmus University Medical Center  Rotterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ingeborg E.","family":"van Zeggeren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"IPACE Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diederik","family":"van de Beek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maarten J.","family":"Titulaer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Erasmus University Medical Center  Rotterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthijs C.","family":"Brouwer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00401-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1909.130064"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001190"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(10)70222-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad306"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit458"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/648419"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32526-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.642078"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25131"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000546"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac338"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac166"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2022.4251"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2016.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(76)92215-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000200148"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39335.541782.AD"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz094"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(23)00083-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00434"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1708712"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0613-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","first-page":"631.e637","article-title":"Diagnostic Accuracy of VIDISCA\u2010NGS in Patients With Suspected Central Nervous System Infections","volume":"27","author":"Zeggeren I. E.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clinical Microbiology and Infection"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1816721"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","article-title":"Detection and Characterization of Autoantibodies to Neuronal Cell\u2010Surface Antigens in the Central Nervous System","volume":"9","author":"Coevorden\u2010Hameete M. H.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ene.70359","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T18:38:07Z","timestamp":1761763087000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ene.70359"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ene.70359"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ene.70359","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1351-5101","1468-1331"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1351-5101"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1468-1331"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-31","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-10","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70359"}}