{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T14:09:06Z","timestamp":1789049346447,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Functional neurological disorder (FND) commonly affects women of reproductive age, yet little is known about its interaction with pregnancy and childbirth. We aimed to explore FND symptom changes during pregnancy, delivery and the postpartum period and understand women's experiences of care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a cross\u2010sectional online survey of women with FND who had experienced pregnancy. The questionnaire was co\u2010designed with clinicians and individuals with lived experience.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 111 respondents, 61 had experienced pregnancy after FND onset. Among 88 who provided onset data, 24% reported symptom onset during pregnancy, delivery, or postpartum, with 1 in 10 reporting onset specifically during the peripartum period. Seven participants described symptom onset or worsening following neuraxial (epidural\/spinal) anaesthesia. On a group level, there was no significant change in FND symptoms across pregnancy phases or postpartum. FND symptoms did not worsen with vaginal delivery versus caesarean section. However, women who experienced hyperemesis gravidarum, daily headaches, or instrumented vaginal delivery were more likely to report FND symptom worsening. Although 35% expressed concern about FND during pregnancy and 13% changed pregnancy plans because of FND, the majority reported no difficulties with infant care or breastfeeding. Most participants (85%) received no FND\u2010specific advice regarding pregnancy, and health professionals were generally perceived to have limited knowledge of FND.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While FND symptoms remain stable for most women during pregnancy, a subgroup experiences significant changes or new onset. There is an urgent need for prospective studies and for developing educational resources to guide care in this understudied area.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.70413","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T11:40:46Z","timestamp":1762342846000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Impact of Pregnancy on Functional Neurological Disorder (\n                    <scp>FND<\/scp>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3551-7010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Lehn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Princess Alexandra Hospital  Brisbane Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences Queensland University of Technology  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid","family":"Hoeritzauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caoimhe","family":"McLoughlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jon","family":"Stone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syeda Farah","family":"Zahir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"QCIF Biostatistics  Brisbane Queensland Australia"},{"name":"University of Queensland  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Coebergh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Ashford St. Peter's Hospitals NHS FoundationTrust  Chertsey UK"},{"name":"Department of Neurology St. George's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvonne","family":"Leavy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences Royal Infirmary Hospital  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Morton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Queensland  Brisbane Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Department of Obstetric Medicine and Endocrinology Mater Hospital Brisbane  South Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Palmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Sunshine Coast University Hospital  Birtinya Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Queensland Brain Institute University of Queensland  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"47","volume-title":"Handbook of Clinical Neurology","author":"Carson A.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"125","volume-title":"Handbook of Clinical Neurology","author":"Bijma H. 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