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However, limited data exist on the risk of new\u2010onset headache after these exposures compared to unexposed periods in the general population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We used data from three population\u2010based cohorts (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200985,774, age 19\u201381\u2009years). SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infections and vaccinations were obtained from national registries and questionnaires. Before and after Omicron emergence, participants stated whether they had been suffering from headache during the past year, reported headache characteristics, and time of onset. Time\u2010dependent exposures were used to investigate the impact of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection and vaccination on the risk of new\u2010onset headache. Headache subtypes were secondary outcomes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection and first and second vaccine doses were associated with increased risk of new\u2010onset headache. The three cohorts, representing different age groups, were analyzed separately. For pre\u2010Omicron infections, the hazard ratio (HR) was 6.7 (95% confidence interval (CI) 4.8\u20139.2) and 6.5 (95% CI 3.8\u201311.1) among middle\u2010aged women and men, respectively. For Omicron infection, HRs were 4.7 (95% CI 4.1\u20135.4) and 4.5 (95% CI 3.7\u20135.4), respectively. The risk increased with infection severity. Corresponding HRs for first and second vaccine doses, administered during low transmission, were 1.6 and 1.7, respectively, in women, and 1.5 for both doses in men. The third dose, given before the Omicron surge, was associated with 20%\u201340% protection against new\u2010onset headache.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection was strongly associated with new\u2010onset headache. Primary vaccination was associated with a small increased risk of headache during a low\u2010transmission period, whereas booster vaccination offered protection during high\u2010transmission.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.70437","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T06:58:59Z","timestamp":1764831539000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["New\u2010Onset Headache After\n                    <scp>SARS<\/scp>\n                    \u2010\n                    <scp>CoV<\/scp>\n                    \u20102 Infection and Vaccination: Results From Three Population\u2010Based Cohorts in Norway"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Kristine","family":"Blix","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Method Development and Analysis Norwegian Institute of Public Health  Oslo 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