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Earlier studies of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) were conducted before updated diagnostic criteria and the recognition of autoimmune nodopathy (AN), which may limit the interpretation of their findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We retrospectively analyzed 582 patients with chronic autoimmune neuropathies\u2014CIDP (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009431), multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200964), anti\u2010myelin\u2010associated glycoprotein (MAG) neuropathy (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200954), and AN (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200933)\u2014from 4 Korean and 1 UK centers. Patients with cranial nerve involvement were identified and described. CIDP patients with cranial nerve involvement (cranial+ CIDP) were compared with those without (cranial\u2212 CIDP).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cranial nerve involvement was observed in 8.8% (38\/431) of CIDP and 24.2% (8\/33) of AN patients but was absent in MMN (0\/64) and anti\u2010MAG neuropathy (0\/54). Facial palsy was overall the most common manifestation (CIDP: 45%, AN: 50%). Patients with AN more frequently exhibited bilateral optic neuropathy (50%) and facial diplegia (38%), while CIDP patients more often showed trigeminal neuropathy and oculomotor nerve palsy (both 32%). Compared with cranial\u2212 CIDP, cranial+ CIDP patients were more often younger, of variant subtypes (especially multifocal), presented (sub)acutely with preceding infection\/vaccination, followed by relapsing\u2013remitting rather than progressive courses, and achieved greater improvement despite greater pre\u2010treatment disability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cranial nerve involvement serves as a diagnostic clue in chronic autoimmune neuropathies, particularly in identifying AN and CIDP. Cranial+ CIDP appears to represent a distinct subset with partial overlap to GBS, suggesting unique underlying mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.70512","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T09:01:26Z","timestamp":1770627686000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Prevalence and Patterns of Cranial Nerve Involvement in\n                    <scp>CIDP<\/scp>\n                    , Autoimmune Nodopathy,\n                    <scp>MMN<\/scp>\n                    , and Anti\u2010\n                    <scp>MAG<\/scp>\n                    Neuropathy: A Multicenter Korea\/\n                    <scp>UK<\/scp>\n                    Study of 582 Patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Young Gi","family":"Min","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Seoul National University College of Medicine  Seoul Korea"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Severance Hospital Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyunjin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hee Jo","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Severance Hospital Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Byeol\u2010A","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Dong\u2010A University Hospital, Dong\u2010A University College of Medicine  Busan Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jong Kuk","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Dong\u2010A University Hospital, Dong\u2010A University College of Medicine  Busan Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0522-1956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Woohee","family":"Ju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Chung\u2010Ang University Hospital, Chung\u2010Ang University College of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seok\u2010Jin","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Seoul National University Hospital  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung\u2010Min","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Seoul National University Hospital  Seoul 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