{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T12:07:46Z","timestamp":1792066066418,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Spinal cord injury (SCI) is associated with substantial morbidity, premature mortality, and reduced life expectancy. However, population\u2010based survival data that include both traumatic and non\u2010traumatic cases are limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrospectively analyzed all 587 Salzburg residents diagnosed with SCI between 2013 and 2023. Cases were identified from hospital records and verified through the Austrian mortality registry. Crude mortality rates (CMRs) at 1\u2010, 2\u2010, and 5\u2010year intervals, standardized mortality ratios (SMRs), and life expectancy (LE) differences compared with the general population were calculated by age, sex, and injury type. Causes of death were classified as natural or external.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 587 patients, 488 (83%) had non\u2010traumatic and 99 (17%) traumatic SCI; median age at onset was 62\u2009years. By January 2025, 138 patients (24%) had died, predominantly from cardiovascular and neoplastic causes. CMRs increased steeply with age, rising from 10.5 per 100,000 at 1\u2009year to 19.4 at 5\u2009years. SMRs were markedly elevated in younger patients (e.g., age 30\u201344: 71.7 at 1\u2009year) and decreased with advancing age. Life expectancy was consistently lower than in the general population, with the greatest reductions in younger and middle\u2010aged males with non\u2010traumatic injuries (e.g., 50\u2010year\u2010old males: LE difference 3.4\u2009years at 1\u2009year).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SCI substantially reduces life expectancy, with younger individuals experiencing disproportionate relative mortality and older adults bearing the highest absolute risk. These findings highlight the need for tailored long\u2010term strategies, including preventive measures for younger patients and comprehensive chronic disease management for older populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.70522","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T09:27:14Z","timestamp":1770024434000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Long\u2010Term Survival and Life Expectancy After Spinal Cord Injury in Salzburg, Austria: A Retrospective Population\u2010Based Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7219-9416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahdi","family":"Safdarian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Neurocritical Care and Neurorehabilitation, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Centre of Cognitive Neuroscience Paracelsus Medical University  Salzburg Austria"},{"name":"Karl Landsteiner Institute for Clinical Neuroscience  Salzburg Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aljoscha","family":"Thomschewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Neurocritical Care and Neurorehabilitation, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Centre of Cognitive Neuroscience Paracelsus Medical University  Salzburg Austria"},{"name":"Neuroscience Institute, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Centre of Cognitive Neuroscience Paracelsus Medical University  Salzburg Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Leis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Neurocritical Care and Neurorehabilitation, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Centre of Cognitive Neuroscience Paracelsus Medical University  Salzburg Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8152-7186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Schnetzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment  Feldkirch Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8282-1034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georg","family":"Zimmermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Artificial Intelligence and Human Interfaces, Faculty of Digital and Analytical Sciences Paris Lodron University  Salzburg Austria"},{"name":"Team Biostatistics and Big Medical Data, IDA Lab Salzburg Paracelsus Medical University  Salzburg Austria"},{"name":"Research Programme Biomedical Data Science Paracelsus Medical University  Salzburg Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Voelckel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, AUVA Trauma Center Salzburg  Salzburg Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Freude","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital for Orthopaedics and Traumatology Paracelsus Medical University  Salzburg Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugen","family":"Trinka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Neurocritical Care and Neurorehabilitation, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Centre of Cognitive Neuroscience Paracelsus Medical University  Salzburg Austria"},{"name":"Karl Landsteiner Institute for Clinical Neuroscience  Salzburg Austria"},{"name":"Neuroscience Institute, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Centre of Cognitive Neuroscience Paracelsus Medical University  Salzburg Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000435785"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(23)00287-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3100351"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/2045772311Y.0000000022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30925-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5492\/wjccm.v5.i4.201"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2015.8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-016-0688-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41393-018-0067-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1310\/sci1602-53"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000382079"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2012.55"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2017.23"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2014.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-024-03514-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1756285615621687"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17562864221076321"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00143"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17713\/ajs.v45i2.121"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13902"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41393-019-0361-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2007.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23736\/S1973-9087.24.08462-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neur.2025.0057"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2009.1138"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.04.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41393-021-00719-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/089771503765172345"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2016.154"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ene.70522","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/ene.70522","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ene.70522","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T18:19:21Z","timestamp":1772993961000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ene.70522"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ene.70522"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ene.70522","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1351-5101","1468-1331"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1351-5101","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-1331","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-20","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-02","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70522"}}