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Propensity score matching was conducted to reduce between\u2010group imbalance. The primary endpoint was time to first confirmed relapse. Secondary outcomes included changes in annualized relapse frequency, EDSS scores, and serum IgG and AQP4\u2010IgG levels. Safety profiles were also assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 276 patients were analyzed (rituximab: 211; inebilizumab: 65), yielding 61 well\u2010balanced pairs after propensity score matching. In terms of efficacy, clinical outcomes and AQP4\u2010IgG dynamics were comparable between groups in pre\u2010 and post\u2010matching analyses, although inebilizumab exhibited a significantly greater reduction in serum IgG levels at 6\u2009months. Safety profiles differed. Rituximab was associated with a higher incidence of overall adverse events, driven primarily by infusion\u2010related reactions, whereas other adverse events remained comparable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In our real\u2010world study of 276 patients, rituximab and inebilizumab demonstrated comparable efficacy in the medium term but differed in their safety profiles, with a significantly higher incidence of infusion\u2010related reactions observed in the rituximab group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.70545","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T10:49:59Z","timestamp":1772966999000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Efficacy and Safety of Rituximab Versus Inebilizumab in Patients With Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder: A Dual\u2010Center, Real\u2010World Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Ying","family":"Cui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zihao","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hengri","family":"Cong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0925-1514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Tianjin 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