{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T13:05:06Z","timestamp":1779973506699,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778457600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Object<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody\u2010associated neurological disease (GADAND) is a rare autoimmune disorder with elusive immunogenetic underpinnings. We aimed to investigate HLA associations with GADAND susceptibility in a Chinese cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed HLA genotyping at the HLA\u2010A, \u2010B, \u2010C, \u2010DRB1, \u2010DQA1, and \u2010DQB1 loci in 62 Chinese patients with GADAND and compared them with 990 healthy controls. Haplotype frequencies were estimated using the expectation\u2013maximization (EM) algorithm. Allele and haplotype associations with disease susceptibility and clinical phenotypes were assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We identified the HLA class I haplotype A*11:01\u2009~\u2009B*40:01\u2009~\u2009C*07:02 as a susceptibility haplotype for GADAND (OR\u2009=\u200910.22, 95% CI 3.86\u201325.57,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>adj<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.003), and the association was stronger for the extended haplotype including DQA1*01:03 (OR\u2009=\u200925.61, 95% CI 4.99\u201389.11,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>adj<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Three haplotypes showed suggestive but non\u2010significant associations: B*44:02\u2009~\u2009C*05:01 (OR\u2009=\u20098.32, 95% CI 2.52\u201324.48,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>adj<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.069), DQA1*01:03\u2009~\u2009DQB1*06:01\u2009~\u2009DRB1*08:03 (OR\u2009=\u20093.15, 95% CI 1.67\u20135.63,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>adj<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.066), and DQA1*05:05\u2009~\u2009DQB1*03:01, which showed a suggestive protective effect (OR\u2009=\u20090.15, 95% CI 0.018\u20130.556,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>adj<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.088). T1DM risk haplotypes, including DQA1*03:01\u2009~\u2009DQB1*03:02\u2009~\u2009DRB1*04:03 (OR\u2009=\u20095.04, 95% CI 1.18\u201316.62,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>adj<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.744) and DQA1*05:01\u2009~\u2009DQB1*02:01\u2009~\u2009DRB1*03:01 (OR\u2009=\u20092.50, 95% CI 1.07\u20135.24,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>adj<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.829), were more frequent in GADAND patients, and A*11:01\u2009~\u2009B*40:01\u2009~\u2009C*07:02 was enriched in those with comorbid AITD. No statistically significant associations were identified between HLA haplotypes and clinical phenotypes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The haplotype A*11:01\u2009~\u2009B*40:01\u2009~\u2009C*07:02 was associated with GADAND susceptibility in the Chinese population, implicating T cell involvement. T1DM\u2010associated haplotypes were overrepresented in GADAND, and A*11:01\u2009~\u2009B*40:01\u2009~\u2009C*07:02 was enriched in comorbid AITD, suggesting HLA as a shared immunogenetic basis for autoimmune comorbidities. No significant HLA associations with clinical phenotypes were identified, warranting validation in larger cohorts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.70619","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T11:12:16Z","timestamp":1778497936000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<scp>HLA<\/scp>\n                    Class I Haplotype in Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Antibody\u2010Associated Neurological Disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4377-487X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lin","family":"Bai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haitao","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuo","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinzhuang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Bioinformatics, National Infrastructures for Translational Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine &amp; Peking Union Medical College Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8016-9110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siyuan","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinhua","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yicheng","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Beijing 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