{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T08:58:16Z","timestamp":1790413096952,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790380800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004336","name":"Novartis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004336","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR\u201010\u2010COHO\u2010002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR\u201010\u2010COHO\u2010002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serum neurofilament\u2010light chain (sNfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (sGFAP) are associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) activity. This study aimed to identify patient\u2010 and disease\u2010level determinants of sNfL and sGFAP and to evaluate their ability to support differential diagnosis in neuromyelitis optica (NMO).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>sNFL and sGFAP levels were measured in 640 patients from the OFSEP cohort (88 NMO spectrum disorder (NMOSD) with anti\u2010aquaporin\u20104 antibodies [AQP4\u2010NMOSD], 28 double\u2010seronegative NMOSD [DN\u2010NMOSD], 61 myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody\u2013associated disease [MOGAD], 64 clinically isolated syndrome [CIS], 237 relapsing\u2013remitting MS [RRMS], and 162 primary progressive MS [PPMS]). The association between log[sNFL] and log[sGFAP] and age, sex, time since relapse, EDSS, oligoclonal bands, and MRI characteristics was analyzed by multiple linear regression. The diagnostic performance of sNfL and sGFAP in discriminating between NMOSD and MS subgroups was evaluated using multivariable logistic regression and area under the curve (AUC).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For each group, specific associations of sNFL and sGFAP levels with patient characteristics were observed. Clearest associations were observed in AQP4\u2010NMOSD patients. After a recent attack (\u2264\u200990\u2009days), multivariate analysis revealed that sGFAP and age discriminated AQP4\u2010NMOSD from MOGAD (AUC\u2009=\u20090.939 [0.910;0.982]), AQP4\u2010NMOSD and DN\u2010NMOSD from MOGAD (AUC\u2009=\u20090.863 [0.776;0.977]), and AQP4\u2010NMOSD from all other groups (AUC\u2009=\u20090.950 [0.918;0.987]). Diagnostic probability heatmaps based on sGFAP and age illustrate the probability of each diagnosis relative to others for bedside interpretation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After an acute attack of NMOSD, risk score based on sGFAP and age may guide the management of patients before autoantibody status is available.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.70767","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T07:58:46Z","timestamp":1790409526000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Serum\n                    <scp>GFAP<\/scp>\n                    and Age Accurately Distinguish\n                    <scp>AQP4<\/scp>\n                    \u2010\n                    <scp>IgG<\/scp>\n                    Positive and Double Seronegative\n                    <scp>NMOSD<\/scp>\n                    From\n                    <scp>MOGAD<\/scp>\n                    After a Recent Attack"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Manon","family":"Rival","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IGF, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm  Montpellier France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5752-2331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabien","family":"Rollot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Universit\u00e9 de Lyon  Lyon France"},{"name":"Service de Neurologie, Scl\u00e9rose en Plaques, Pathologies de la My\u00e9line et Neuro\u2010Inflammation Hospices Civils de Lyon  Bron France"},{"name":"INSERM 1028 et CNRS UMR 5292, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon Observatoire Fran\u00e7ais de la Scl\u00e9rose en Plaques  Lyon France"},{"name":"EUGENE DEVIC EDMUS Foundation Against 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