{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T07:55:22Z","timestamp":1790668522507,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015400","name":"Fonds Erasme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015400","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006775","name":"GE Healthcare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006775","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015400","name":"Fonds Erasme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015400","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002661","name":"Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004744","name":"Innoviris","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004744","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fatigue in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) is common and disabling, yet poorly understood. This study aimed to clarify the distinction between long\u2010term fatigue and task\u2010induced fatigability and their respective pathophysiological processes, and to examine the contribution of decreased cognitive processing speed (CPS) to the relationship between structural brain damage, fatigue, and fatigability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fatigue was induced in 34 PwMS (18\u201349\u2009years) and 32 age\u2212\/sex\u2010matched healthy controls (HCs, 24\u201344\u2009years) using an individually calibrated task based on each participant's CPS. Perceived task\u2010induced fatigue was assessed from pre\u2010 to post\u2010task change in self\u2010reported fatigue, and objective fatigability from within\u2010task changes in performance, vigilance, and pupil diameter. Brain volumes and lesions were quantified on structural 3\u2009T MRI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      PwMS showed higher long\u2010term fatigue and slower CPS (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Once cognitive load was calibrated to individual CPS, objective markers of fatigability (performance, vigilance, pupil changes) no longer differed from HCs (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.05), whereas perceived task\u2010induced fatigue remained elevated. Both CPS and long\u2010term fatigue\u2014but not fatigability\u2014were associated with putamen atrophy and lesion burden. Reduced CPS mediated the associations between putamen atrophy and long\u2010term fatigue (indirect effect, 95% CI [\u221254.48, \u22120.97]).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In PwMS, the association between structural brain damage and long\u2010term fatigue is mediated by reduced CPS, whereas objective fatigability normalizes once cognitive load is calibrated to individual CPS. These findings support adapting cognitive load to each patient's processing capacity rather than reducing task demands uniformly to help mitigate the daily\u2010life impact of fatigue.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.70769","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T07:03:26Z","timestamp":1790665406000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dissociating Fatigue and Fatigability in Multiple Sclerosis: The Role of Cognitive Processing Speed"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Jeromy","family":"Hrabovecky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Neuroanatomie et Neuroimagerie Translationnelles (LN2T), UNI\u2010ULB Neuroscience Institute Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)  Brussels Belgium"},{"name":"Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit (UR2NF), Centre for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences (CRCN) and ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI) Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2082-4424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophie","family":"Elands","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Neuroanatomie et Neuroimagerie Translationnelles (LN2T), UNI\u2010ULB Neuroscience Institute Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)  Brussels Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, H\u00f4pital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), CUB H\u00f4pital Erasme Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillermo","family":"Borrag\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit (UR2NF), Centre for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences (CRCN) and ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI) Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6781-5341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonin","family":"Rovai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Neuroanatomie et Neuroimagerie Translationnelles (LN2T), UNI\u2010ULB Neuroscience Institute Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)  Brussels Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Translational Neuroimaging, H\u00f4pital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B.), CUB H\u00f4pital Erasme Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Gaspard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, H\u00f4pital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), CUB H\u00f4pital Erasme Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)  Brussels Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Yale University School of Medicine  New Haven Connecticut USA"},{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, UNI\u2010ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI) Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4745-1434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philippe","family":"Peigneux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit (UR2NF), Centre for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences (CRCN) and ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI) Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"De Ti\u00e8ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Neuroanatomie et Neuroimagerie Translationnelles (LN2T), UNI\u2010ULB Neuroscience Institute Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)  Brussels Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Translational Neuroimaging, H\u00f4pital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B.), CUB H\u00f4pital Erasme Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hichem","family":"Slama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit (UR2NF), Centre for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences (CRCN) and ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI) Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)  Brussels Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Neuropsychology and Speech Therapy, H\u00f4pital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), CUB H\u00f4pital Erasme Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7283-7374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e9lanie","family":"Strauss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, H\u00f4pital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), CUB H\u00f4pital Erasme Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)  Brussels Belgium"},{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, UNI\u2010ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI) Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2017.117","article-title":"Fatigue as a Symptom or Comorbidity of Neurological Diseases","volume":"13","author":"Penner I. 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