{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T09:41:14Z","timestamp":1792489274125,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023\/GNT2030157"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023\/GNT2030157"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015471","name":"Mater Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015471","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Euro J of Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Movement Disorder Society diagnostic criteria for progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) list frequent square\u2010wave jerks (SWJ) as a suggestive oculomotor feature. A standardised operational definition of SWJ is however presently lacking.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To create a data\u2010driven optimal SWJ definition and to assess its diagnostic utility in PSP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We prospectively recruited PSP\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200925, Parkinson's disease (PD)\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200932, Alzheimer's disease (AD)\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200935, and controls\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200988. SWJ were recorded with a visual fixation task using video\u2010oculography. Multiple candidate definitions of SWJ were generated by systematically varying morphological features, producing 32 candidate definitions. A nested cross\u2010validation was used to obtain unbiased diagnostic performance and optimised SWJ definition. Results were then externally tested in a fully independent sample of\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200925 PSP,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200941 PD and\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200925 controls.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The optimal selected SWJ definition consisted of saccade amplitude 1\u00b0\u20138\u00b0, intra\u2010SWJ intervals 20\u2013600\u2009ms, directional opposition within \u00b145\u00b0, and amplitude similarity \u2264\u20090.25. Only SWJ rate, and not morphological features, was distinctive for PSP. SWJ rate gave out\u2010of\u2010fold AUCs of 0.81 for PSP versus controls, 0.71 for PSP versus AD, 0.63 for PSP versus PD, and 0.76 for PSP versus all non\u2010PSP groups. Post hoc analyses using this data\u2010driven definition on the external validation cohort yielded relatively comparable results. SWJ rate &gt;\u200924\/min had high specificity, but low sensitivity, for PSP when compared with PD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SWJ rate was significantly increased in PSP but with insufficient discriminant ability for use as a stand\u2010alone diagnostic marker. This data\u2010driven definition may serve as a reproducible operational definition for future research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.70790","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T09:06:41Z","timestamp":1792487201000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Data\u2010Driven Operational Definition of Square\u2010Wave Jerks and Its Diagnostic Utility in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4773-1471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Duy Duan","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute The University of Queensland  St Lucia Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Cognitive Health Program, Mater Research Institute The University of Queensland  South Brisbane Queensland Australia"},{"name":"University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University  Hue City Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2071-2083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Quattrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research Centre University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro  Catanzaro Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medsical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Neurology University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro  Catanzaro Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Paine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuro\u2010Ophthalmology and Neuro\u2010Otology Clinic, Department of Neurology Royal Brisbane &amp; Women's Hospital  Herston Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Fazlollahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute The University of Queensland  St Lucia Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soohyun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute The University of Queensland  St Lucia Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7992-3403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Baibin (Ben)","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute The University of Queensland  St Lucia Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanya","family":"Davidson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive Health Program, Mater Research Institute The University of Queensland  South Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felicia","family":"Coleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute The University of Queensland  St Lucia Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Cognitive Health Program, Mater Research Institute The University of Queensland  South Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0422-8590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John D.","family":"O'Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Royal Brisbane &amp; Women's Hospital  Herston Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Frazer Institute The University of Queensland  Herston Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5860-5921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter J.","family":"Nestor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute The University of Queensland  St Lucia Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Cognitive Health Program, Mater Research Institute The University of Queensland  South Brisbane Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Mater Adult Hospital Mater Misericordiae Limited  South Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26987","article-title":"Clinical Diagnosis of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy: The Movement Disorder Society Criteria","volume":"32","author":"Hoglinger G. 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