{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T07:31:19Z","timestamp":1790753479108,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3pt1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,9]],"date-time":"2013-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1365465600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European J Oral Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The famous Iceman \u2018\u00d6tzi\u2019 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>outh <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>yrol <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>useum of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>rchaeology, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>olzano, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I<\/jats:styled-content>taly), a Neolithic human ice mummy, offers a unique opportunity to study evolutionary aspects of oral disease. The aim of this study was to assess, for the very first time, his oral cavity, which surprisingly had never been examined systematically. Based on several computed tomography (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content>) scans from 1991 onwards and on macroscopic investigation, only a few findings, such as a central maxillary diastema, heavy abrasions, and missing wisdom teeth, were known. We re\u2010evaluated the latest <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content> scans from 2005 and found various oral pathologies. In line with the increase of tooth decay in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>eolithic \u2013 because of diet change in this historic transition phase \u2013 several carious lesions were found, one of which penetrated into the dental pulp. In accordance with the Iceman's troubled life, as several injuries on his body and his violent death attest, mechanical trauma of one of his upper front teeth is evident. Finally, the poor periodontal condition of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I<\/jats:styled-content>ceman's dentition (e.g. loss of alveolar bone), indicative of periodontitis, was assessed. These oral pathological findings in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I<\/jats:styled-content>ceman's dentition provide a unique glimpse into the evolutionary history of oral conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/eos.12037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,9]],"date-time":"2013-04-09T11:13:03Z","timestamp":1365505983000},"page":"137-141","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Oral pathologies of the <scp>N<\/scp>eolithic <scp>I<\/scp>ceman, <i>c<\/i>.3,300 <scp>bc<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"Roger","family":"Seiler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Evolutionary Medicine Institute of Anatomy University of Zurich Z\u00fcrich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew I","family":"Spielman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York University College of Dentistry New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert","family":"Zink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Mummies and the Iceman EURAC Bolzano Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"R\u00fchli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Evolutionary Medicine Institute of Anatomy University of Zurich Z\u00fcrich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0531-5565(98)00048-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","volume-title":"Der Zeuge aus dem Gletscher. 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