{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T19:53:40Z","timestamp":1787255620948,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,30]],"date-time":"2013-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1369872000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European J Oral Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Rho<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content> plays a fundamental role in regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, intercellular attachment, and cell proliferation. During amelogenesis, ameloblasts (which produce the enamel proteins) undergo dramatic cytoskeletal changes and the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R<\/jats:styled-content>ho<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content> protein level is up\u2010regulated. Transgenic mice were generated that express a dominant\u2010negative <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R<\/jats:styled-content>ho<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> transgene in ameloblasts using amelogenin gene\u2010regulatory sequences. Transgenic and wild\u2010type (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WT<\/jats:styled-content>) molar tooth germs were incubated with sodium fluoride (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>aF) or sodium chloride (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>aCl) in organ culture. Filamentous actin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010actin) stained with phalloidin was elevated significantly in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WT<\/jats:styled-content> ameloblasts treated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>aF compared with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WT<\/jats:styled-content> ameloblasts treated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>aCl or with transgenic ameloblasts treated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>aF, thereby confirming a block in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R<\/jats:styled-content>hoA\/Rho\u2010associated protein kinase (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ROCK<\/jats:styled-content>) pathway in the transgenic mice. Little difference in quantitative fluorescence (an estimation of fluorosis) was observed between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WT<\/jats:styled-content> and transgenic incisors from mice provided with drinking water containing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>aF. We subsequently found reduced transgene expression in incisors compared with molars. Transgenic molar teeth had reduced amelogenin, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010cadherin, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">K<\/jats:styled-content>i67 compared with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WT<\/jats:styled-content> molar teeth. Hypoplastic enamel in transgenic mice correlates with reduced expression of the enamel protein, amelogenin, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010cadherin and cell proliferation are regulated by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R<\/jats:styled-content>ho<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content> in other tissues. Together these findings reveal deficits in molar ameloblast function when <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R<\/jats:styled-content>ho<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content> activity is inhibited.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/eos.12059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,30]],"date-time":"2013-05-30T05:31:19Z","timestamp":1369891879000},"page":"293-302","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Ameloblasts require active <scp>R<\/scp>ho<scp>A<\/scp> to generate normal dental enamel"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"Hui","family":"Xue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine Philadelphia PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine Philadelphia PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric T.","family":"Everett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry University of North Carolina School of Dentistry Chapel Hill NC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Research University of North Carolina School of Dentistry Chapel Hill NC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine Philadelphia PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rakhee","family":"Porecha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine Philadelphia PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine Philadelphia PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna M.","family":"Lucchese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine Philadelphia PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa A.","family":"Kuehl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine Philadelphia PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan K.","family":"Pugach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine Philadelphia PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Bouchard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine Philadelphia PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolyn W.","family":"Gibson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine Philadelphia PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4773(97)00115-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4773(99)00322-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"153","article-title":"NANCI. 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