{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T16:01:31Z","timestamp":1696608091765},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,24]],"date-time":"2013-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1379980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European J Oral Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>To understand, in greater detail, the molecular mechanisms regulating the complex relationship between mechanical strain and alveolar bone metabolism during orthodontic treatment, passive cross\u2010arch palatal springs were bonded to the maxillary molars of 6\u2010wk\u2010old rats, which were killed after 4 and 8\u00a0d. Outcome measures included serum assays for markers of bone formation and resorption and for the multifunctional hormone leptin, and histomorphometry of the inter\u2010radicular bone. The concentration of the bone\u2010formation marker alkaline phosphatase (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ALP<\/jats:styled-content>) was significantly reduced at both time points in the appliance group, accompanied by a 50% reduction in inter\u2010radicular bone volume; however, osteocalcin (bone Gla protein) levels remained unaffected. Bone collagen deoxypyridinoline (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DPD<\/jats:styled-content>) crosslinks increased 2.3\u2010fold at 4\u00a0d only, indicating a transient increase in bone resorption; in contrast, the level of the osteoclast\u2010specific marker, tartrate\u2010resistant acid phosphatase 5b (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TRACP<\/jats:styled-content> 5b), was unchanged. Leptin levels closely paralleled <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ALP<\/jats:styled-content> reductions at both time points, suggesting an important role in the mechanostat negative\u2010feedback loop required to normalize bone mass. These data suggest that an orthodontic appliance, in addition to remodeling the periodontal ligament (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDL<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2013bone interface, may exert unexpected side\u2010effects on the tooth\u2010supporting alveolar bone, and highlights the importance of recognizing that bone strains can have negative, as well as positive, effects on bone mass.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/eos.12091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,11]],"date-time":"2013-10-11T22:00:21Z","timestamp":1381528821000},"page":"517-524","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Appliance\u2010induced osteopenia of dentoalveolar bone in the rat: effect of reduced bone strains on serum bone markers and the multifunctional hormone leptin"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"Jayaseelan K.","family":"Vinoth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry National University of Singapore  Singapore"},{"name":"National Dental Centre Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaval J.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry National University of Singapore  Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei\u2010Song","family":"Lih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry National University of Singapore  Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yian\u2010San","family":"Seow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry National University of Singapore  Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tong","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry National University of Singapore  Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Murray C.","family":"Meikle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry National University of Singapore  Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"290","article-title":"Reaction of bone to mechanical stimuli. 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