{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T20:23:29Z","timestamp":1760646209542},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,5]],"date-time":"2014-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1404518400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European J Oral Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Nuclear receptors and transcription factors regulate the functions of many genes involved in cellular physiology and pathology (e.g. tumorigenesis and autoimmune diseases). The present study was performed to define the expression and the regulation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), pregnane X receptor (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PXR<\/jats:styled-content>), constitutive androstane receptor (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAR<\/jats:styled-content>), and nuclear factor E2\u2010related factor 2 (Nrf2) in the rat parotid gland. Constitutive expression, as well as expression after stimulation with specific inducers for AhR [2,3,7,8\u2010tetrachloro\u2010dibenzylo\u2010<jats:italic>p\u2010<\/jats:italic>dioxin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TCDD<\/jats:styled-content>)], Nrf2 (oltipraz), <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PXR<\/jats:styled-content> (dexamethasone), and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAR<\/jats:styled-content> (phenobarbital), was evaluated using the quantitative <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>. Cellular localization of the nuclear receptors and the transcription factor was visualized by immunohistochemical staining. The study revealed constitutive expression of <jats:italic>AhR<\/jats:italic> as well as <jats:italic>Nrf2<\/jats:italic>, and their induction by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TCDD<\/jats:styled-content> and oltipraz, respectively. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed constitutive, predominantly cytoplasmic, expression of the AhR receptor, especially in interlobular striated duct cells, with nuclear shift upon exposure to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TCDD<\/jats:styled-content>. Inducible expression of <jats:italic>Nfr2<\/jats:italic> was found mainly in the cytoplasm of intralobular striated duct cells. Constitutive expression of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PXR<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAR<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> was not found. Bearing in mind the involvement of AhR and Nrf2 in the regulation of many genes, it seems that these factors may play also a role in salivary gland physiology and pathology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/eos.12137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,5]],"date-time":"2014-07-05T13:21:31Z","timestamp":1404566491000},"page":"259-264","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Expression and functional regulation of the nuclear receptors <scp>AHR<\/scp>,<scp> PXR<\/scp>, and <scp>CAR<\/scp>, and the transcription factor Nrf2 in rat parotid gland"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Dro\u017adzik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Dentistry Pomeranian Medical University  Szczecin 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