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They function as the primary neurons conveying proprioceptive messages. The present study aimed to demonstrate the presence of a periodontal\u2013Vme\u2013Vmo circuit and to provide evidence for its involvement in an experimental unilateral anterior crossbite (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UAC<\/jats:styled-content>) model, which can induce osteoarthritis in the temporomandibular joint. Cholera toxin B subunit (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content>b) was injected into the inferior alveolar nerve of rats to help identify the central axon terminals of Vme neurons in the Vmo. The levels of vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VGLUT<\/jats:styled-content>1) expressed in the periodontal region, Vme, Vmo, and masseter, and the level of acetylcholinesterase (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AChE<\/jats:styled-content>) expressed in the masseter, were assessed in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UAC<\/jats:styled-content> rats and controls. In <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content>b\u2010treated rats, many <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content>b\u2010labeled cell bodies and endings were identified in the Vme and in the Vmo, respectively. In <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UAC<\/jats:styled-content> rats, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VGLUT<\/jats:styled-content>1 was expressed at a statistically significantly higher level in the periodontal ligament, Vme, Vmo, and masseter than it was in control rats. The level of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AChE<\/jats:styled-content> protein was 1.97 times higher in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UAC<\/jats:styled-content> rat masseter compared with control rat masseter. These findings reveal a trigeminal mechanism underlying masseter hyperactivity induced by an altered occlusion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/eos.12331","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]],"date-time":"2017-02-01T13:17:09Z","timestamp":1485955029000},"page":"127-134","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Proprioceptive mechanisms in occlusion\u2010stimulated masseter hypercontraction"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"125","author":[{"given":"Xin","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology &amp; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases &amp; Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology School of Stomatology The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunkui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology and K.K. 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