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Systematic studies on oral <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPV<\/jats:styled-content> infections and their outcomes are still scarce. Oral <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPV<\/jats:styled-content> infections have been linked to sexual behaviour, but recent evidence supports their horizontal, mouth\u2010to\u2010mouth, transmission. Most <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPV<\/jats:styled-content> infections in infants are acquired vertically from the mother during the intrauterine period, during delivery, or later via saliva. The best\u2010known benign clinical manifestations of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPV<\/jats:styled-content> infection are oral papilloma\/condyloma and focal epithelial hyperplasia. Evidence is emerging which suggests that some oral <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPV<\/jats:styled-content> infections might persist<jats:bold>.<\/jats:bold> Persistent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPV<\/jats:styled-content> infection is mandatory for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010associated malignant transformation. However, progression of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced lesions to malignancy requires additional cofactors. In the early 1980s, we provided the first evidence that a subset of oral cancers and other head and neck cancers might be causally linked to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPV<\/jats:styled-content> infection. This review summarizes current knowledge on the virus itself, its transmission modes, as well as the full spectrum of oral <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPV<\/jats:styled-content> infections \u2013 from asymptomatic infections to benign, potentially malignant oral lesions, and squamous cell carcinoma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/eos.12538","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,4]],"date-time":"2018-09-04T05:15:41Z","timestamp":1536038141000},"page":"49-66","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":133,"title":["Oral manifestations of human papillomavirus infections"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"126","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0738-5698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stina","family":"Syrj\u00e4nen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology Institute of Dentistry Faculty of Medicine University of Turku Turku 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