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No differences in mucous acinar or serous demilune cell structure were observed between sublingual glands of ground (control) and flight mice. In contrast, previous studies showed autophagy and apoptosis of parotid serous acinar cells in flight mice. The expression of parotid secretory protein (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PSP<\/jats:styled-content>) in sublingual demilune cells of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010131 flight mice was significantly increased compared with ground (control) mice but decreased in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010135 flight mice. Similarly, expression of mucin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MUC<\/jats:styled-content>\u201019) in acinar cells and expression of the type<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>regulatory subunit of protein kinase A (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PKA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RII<\/jats:styled-content>) in demilune cells were increased in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010131 flight mice and decreased in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010135 flight mice, but not significantly. Demilune cell and parotid protein (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DCPP<\/jats:styled-content>) was slightly decreased in mice from both flights, and nuclear<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PKA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RII<\/jats:styled-content>was slightly increased. These results indicate that the response of salivary glands to spaceflight conditions varies among the different glands, cell types, and secretory proteins. Additionally, the spaceflight environment, including the effects of microgravity, modifies protein expression. Determining changes in salivary proteins may lead to development of non\u2010invasive methods to assess the physiological status of astronauts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/eos.12541","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,9]],"date-time":"2018-07-09T10:01:49Z","timestamp":1531130509000},"page":"373-381","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Response of the mouse sublingual gland to spaceflight"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"126","author":[{"given":"Didem","family":"Dagdeviren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology School of Dental Medicine University of Connecticut Farmington CT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Beallias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Craniofacial Sciences School of Dental Medicine University of Connecticut Farmington CT 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